这是DefaultSelenium的构造函数：

ISelenium sele = new DefaultSelenium(**serveraddr**,**serverport**,browser,url2test);
sele.Start();
sele.open();
...

似乎我必须在创建ISelenium对象之前安装Selenium Server.

我的情况是,我正在尝试使用C#Selenium构建一个.exe应用程序,它可以在不同的PC上运行,并且不可能在所有PC上安装Selenium Server(你永远不知道哪个是下一个运行应用程序).

有没有人知道如何在不安装服务器的情况下使用ISelenium / DefaultSelenium？
谢谢！

1)对于selenium浏览器启动：

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setbrowserName("safari");
CommandExecutor executor = new SeleneseCommandExecutor(new URL("http://localhost:4444/"),new URL("http://www.google.com/"),capabilities);
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(executor,capabilities);

2)对于selenium命令：

// You may use any WebDriver implementation. Firefox is used here as an example
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

// A "base url",used by selenium to resolve relative URLs
 String baseUrl = "http://www.google.com";

// Create the Selenium implementation
Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver,baseUrl);

// Perform actions with selenium
selenium.open("http://www.google.com");
selenium.type("name=q","cheese");
selenium.click("name=btnG");

// Get the underlying WebDriver implementation back. This will refer to the
// same WebDriver instance as the "driver" variable above.
WebDriver driverInstance = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium) selenium).getWrappedDriver();

//Finally,close the browser. Call stop on the WebDriverBackedSelenium instance
//instead of calling driver.quit(). Otherwise,the JVM will continue running after
//the browser has been closed.
selenium.stop();

描述于此：http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.html

谷歌在C#中有类似的东西.没有其他方法可以实现这一目标.

public void click() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
        @Override public void run() {
            frame.setLocationRelativeto(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    });
    WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.name("click-me"));
    element1.click();
    AssertJUnit.assertTrue(buttonClicked);
    buttonClicked = false;
    new Actions(driver).click().perform();
    AssertJUnit.assertTrue(buttonClicked);
    AssertJUnit.assertTrue(buttonMouseActions.toString().contains("clicked(1)"));
    buttonMouseActions.setLength(0);
    new Actions(driver).contextClick().perform();
    AssertJUnit.assertTrue(buttonMouseActions.toString(),buttonMouseActions.toString().contains("pressed(3-popup)"));
}

/**
 * @return how many rows this table has
 */
@Override
@PublicAtsApi
public int getRowCount() {

    new HiddenHtmlElementState(this).waitToBecomeExisting();

    String css = this.getElementProperty("_css");

    List<WebElement> elements = null;

    if (!StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(css)) {
        css += " tr";
        elements = webDriver.findElements(By.cssSelector(css));
    } else {
        // get elements matching the following xpath
        elements = webDriver.findElements(By.xpath(properties.getInternalProperty(HtmlElementLocatorBuilder.PROPERTY_ELEMENT_LOCATOR)
                                                   + "/tr | "
                                                   + properties.getInternalProperty(HtmlElementLocatorBuilder.PROPERTY_ELEMENT_LOCATOR)
                                                   + "/*/tr"));
    }

    return elements.size();
}

private static WebElement getElement(WebDriver driver,By by,int current){

        WebElement element = null;

        while(true) {
            try {
                element = driver.findElement(by);
            } catch (Exception e){
                //might happen due to Github blocking crawling
                try {
                    long time = 60_000;
                    System.out.println("Cannot find -> "+by.toString()+"\n Going to wait for "+time+"ms");
                    Thread.sleep(time);
                    openPagedSearchResult(driver,current);
                } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
                }
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }

        return element;
    }

/**
 * Drag and drop an element on top of other element
 * @param targetElement the target element
 */
@Override
@PublicAtsApi
public void dragAndDropTo(
                           HtmlElement targetElement ) {

    new RealHtmlElementState(this).waitToBecomeExisting();

    WebElement source = RealHtmlElementLocator.findElement(this);
    WebElement target = RealHtmlElementLocator.findElement(targetElement);

    Actions actionBuilder = new Actions(webDriver);
    Action dragAndDropAction = actionBuilder.clickAndHold(source)
                                            .movetoElement(target,1,1)
                                            .release(target)
                                            .build();
    dragAndDropAction.perform();

    // drops the source element in the middle of the target,which in some cases is not doing drop on the right place
    // new Actions( webDriver ).dragAndDrop( source,target ).perform();
}

public void isEnabled() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
        @Override public void run() {
            frame.setLocationRelativeto(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    });
    WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.name("click-me"));
    AssertJUnit.assertTrue(element1.isEnabled());
    SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
        @Override public void run() {
            button.setEnabled(false);
        }
    });
    EventQueueWait.waitTilldisabled(button);
    AssertJUnit.assertFalse(element1.isEnabled());
}

@Override
public Object decorate(ClassLoader loader,Field field) {
  By selector = new Annotations(field).buildBy();
  if (selector instanceof ByIdOrName) {
    // throw new IllegalArgumentException("Please define locator for " + field);
    return decorateWithAppium(loader,field);
  } else if (WebElement.class.isAssignableFrom(field.getType())) {
    return ElementFinder.wrap(searchContext,selector,0);
  } else if (ElementsCollection.class.isAssignableFrom(field.getType())) {
    return new ElementsCollection(new BySelectorCollection(searchContext,selector));
  } else if (ElementsContainer.class.isAssignableFrom(field.getType())) {
    return createElementsContainer(selector,field);
  } else if (isDecoratableList(field,ElementsContainer.class)) {
    return createElementsContainerList(field);
  } else if (isDecoratableList(field,SelenideElement.class)) {
    return SelenideElementListProxy.wrap(factory.createLocator(field));
  }

  return decorateWithAppium(loader,field);
}

public void atc() {
    webdriverwait wait = new webdriverwait(driver,300L);

    wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//*[@and (.//span[text()[contains(.,'Size')]] or .//span[text()[contains(.,'size')]])]")));

    int index = new Random().nextInt(sizes.length);
    String sizetoPick = Double.toString(sizes[index]);

    for(WebElement e : driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@and .//ul[.//li[.//span[text()[contains(.,'size')]]]]]/ul/li"))) {
        String size = e.getText().trim();
        if(size != null && size.equals(sizetoPick)) {
            e.click();
            break;
        }
    }   
}

/**
 * select a value
 *
 * @param value the value to select
 */
@Override
@PublicAtsApi
public void setValue(
                      String value ) {

    new RealHtmlElementState(this).waitToBecomeExisting();

    try {
        WebElement element = RealHtmlElementLocator.findElement(this);
        Select select = new Select(element);
        select.selectByVisibleText(value);
    } catch (NoSuchElementException nsee) {
        throw new SeleniumOperationException("Option with label '" + value + "' not found. ("
                                             + this.toString() + ")");
    }
    UiEngineUtilities.sleep();
}

private WebElement get_password() {
    WebElement element = null;
    if (WebUtilities.waitForElementToAppear(driver,password,logger)) {
        element = password;
    }
    return element;
}

protected void waitForElementToNotExist(WebElement element) {
    new webdriverwait(getDriverProxy(),20)
    .withMessage("Timed out waiting for element to not exist.")
    .until((WebDriver d) -> {
        boolean conditionMet = false;
        try {
            // We don't really care whether it's displayed or not,just if it exists.
            element.isdisplayed();
        } catch (NoSuchElementException | StaleElementReferenceException e) {
            conditionMet = true;
        }
        return conditionMet;
    });
}

/**
 * Posts the given message to the brain chat.
 * 
 * @param message
 *            The message to post
 */
public void postMessage(final String message) {
    updateLastUsage();
    switchToWindow();
    switchToFrame(CHAT_INPUT_FRAME_NAME);

    final WebElement input = new NamePresenceWait(this.mDriver,CHAT_INPUT_NAME).waitUntilCondition();
    input.sendKeys(message);
    input.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
}

public static void hoverMouSEOnWebElement(WebDriver driver,ExtentTest logger,WebElement element) {
    try {
        Actions action = new Actions(driver);
        action.movetoElement(element).build().perform();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.log(LogStatus.ERROR,"Error hovering over the element</br>" + e.getCause());
    }
}

/**
 * Remove hidden elements from specified list
 * 
 * @param elements list of elements
 * @return 'true' if no visible elements were found; otherwise 'false'
 */
public static boolean filterHidden(List<WebElement> elements) {
    Iterator<WebElement> iter = elements.iterator();
    while (iter.hasNext()) {
        if ( ! iter.next().isdisplayed()) {
            iter.remove();
        }
    }
    return elements.isEmpty();
}

public void clicksOnMenus() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    List<WebElement> menus = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("menu"));
    int i = 0;
    clicksOnMenu(menus,i++,"Menu 1");
    clicksOnMenu(menus,"Menu 2");
    clicksOnMenu(menus,"Menu 3");
}

@Override
public boolean checkCssClassDoesNotContain(WebElement w,String... args) throws Exception {
    startTime();
    boolean result = currentPage.checkCssClassDoesNotContain(w,args);
    this.setNextPage();
    return result;
}

/**
 * Simulate Tab key
 */
@Override
@PublicAtsApi
public void presstabKey() {

    new RealHtmlElementState(this).waitToBecomeExisting();

    WebElement element = RealHtmlElementLocator.findElement(this);
    element.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
}

public WebElement findElement(SearchContext element,String objectKey,String pageKey,String Attribute,FindType condition) {
    pageName = pageKey;
    objectName = objectKey;
    findType = condition;
    return getElementFromList(findElements(element,getoRObject(pageKey,objectKey),Attribute));
}

@Test
public void testAssertElementAttribute() {
    final WebElement webElement = Mockito.mock(WebElement.class);
    Mockito.when(webElement.getAttribute(ArgumentMatchers.any())).thenReturn(null).thenReturn("value");
    Mockito.when(mockDriver.findElement(ArgumentMatchers.any())).thenReturn(webElement);
    assertElementAttribute("value",null,null);
}

void getAttributes() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    WebElement textArea = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("text-area"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("true",textArea.getAttribute("editable"));
    textArea.sendKeys("Systems",Keys.SPACE);
    String prevIoUsText = textArea.getText();
    textArea.clear();
    textArea.sendKeys("Jalian" + prevIoUsText);
}

public List<Attribute> attributes() {
    List<Attribute> rows = new ArrayList<>();
    for (WebElement tr : this.trs) {
        rows.add(new Attribute(tr));
    }
    this.attributes.addAll(rows);
    return this.attributes;
}

private String getMetaTagNamed(WebDriver driver,String name) {
    JsUtility.injectglueLib(driver);
    String script = JsUtility.getScriptResource("requireMetaTagByName.js");

    try {
        WebElement response = JsUtility.runAndReturn(driver,script,name);
        return response.getAttribute("content");
    } catch (WebDriverException e) {
        throw JsUtility.propagate(e);
    }
}

@Override
public WebElement findElement(SearchContext driver)
{
    if(!(driver instanceof WebDriver))
    {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument must be instanceof WebDriver.");
    }

    WebDriver webDriver = (WebDriver) driver;

    webDriver = engine.turnToRootDriver(webDriver);
    if(!iframeWait(webDriver,getTimeout(),getValue()))
    {
        webDriver.switchTo().frame(getValue());
    }

    return null;
}

@Test
public void testChangeElementSelectedBy() {
    driver.get(utils.getResourceURI("ElementSearch.html"));
    utils.injectScripts(Optional.<String> empty());
    WebElement target = wait.until(
            ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(driver.findElement(By.tagName("h1"))));
    utils.highlight(target);
    // Act
    utils.inspectElement(target);
    // Assert
    List<String> labels = driver
            .findElements(By.cssSelector("form#SWDForm label[for]")).stream()
            .map(e -> e.getAttribute("for")).collect(Collectors.toList());

    String lastLabel = null;
    Collections.sort(labels,String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    for (String label : labels) {
        utils.sleep(100);
        WebElement radioElement = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(
                driver.findElement(By.xpath(String.format("//*[@id='%s']",label)))));
        assertthat(radioElement,notNullValue());
        radioElement.click();
        lastLabel = label;
    }
    utils.completeVisualSearch("changing strategy attribute");
    // Assert
    String payload = utils.getPayload();
    assertFalse(payload.isEmpty());
    Map<String,String> details = new HashMap<>();
    utils.readData(payload,Optional.of(details));
    verifyNeededKeys(details);
    verifyEntry(details,"ElementSelectedBy",lastLabel);
}

@Override
public WebElement getElementByName(String elementName,int nth,WebDriver webDriver) {
    List<WebElement> elements = webDriver.findElements(pageElements.get(elementName));

    if (elements.size() == 0) {
        return null;
    }

    return elements.get(nth);
}

@Test
public void ontest() {
  final WebDriver webDriver = Mockito.mock(WebDriver.class);
  final WebElement webElement = Mockito.mock(WebElement.class);

  final Type type = new Type(webDriver,"text",() -> {});
  final By byId = By.id("id");
  Mockito.when(webDriver.findElement(byId)).thenReturn(webElement);
  type.on(byId);
  Mockito.verify(webElement).sendKeys("text");
}

public void getLocation() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
        @Override public void run() {
            frame.setLocationRelativeto(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    });
    WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.name("click-me"));
    Point location = element1.getLocation();
    java.awt.Point p = EventQueueWait.call(button,"getLocation");
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals(p.x,location.x);
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals(p.y,location.y);
}

private WebElement get_signInButton() {
    WebElement element = null;
    if (WebUtilities.waitForElementToAppear(driver,signInButton,logger)) {
        element = signInButton;
    }
    return element;
}

/**
 * Shuts this instance down and frees all used resources.
 */
public void shutdown() {
    switchToWindow();
    switchToFrame(CHAT_INPUT_FRAME_NAME);

    final WebElement logoutAnchor = new CSSSelectorPresenceWait(this.mDriver,logoUT_ANCHOR).waitUntilCondition();
    logoutAnchor.click();

    this.mDriver.close();
}

@Then("I can download(?: following files)?:")
public void iCanDownload(final DataTable downloadTitles) throws Throwable {
    for (List<String> downloadLink : downloadTitles.asLists(String.class)) {
        String linkText = downloadLink.get(0);
        String linkFileName = downloadLink.get(1);

        WebElement downloadElement = sitePage.findElementWithTitle(linkText);

        assertthat("I can find download link with title: " + linkText,downloadElement,is(notNullValue()));

        String url = downloadElement.getAttribute("href");
        assertEquals("I can find link with expected URL for file " + linkFileName,URL + urlLookup.lookupUrl(linkFileName),url);

        if (acceptanceTestProperties.isHeadlessMode()) {
            // At the moment of writing,there doesn't seem to be any easy way available to force Chromedriver
            // to download files when operating in headless mode. It appears that some functionality has been
            // added to DevTools but it's not obvIoUs how to trigger that from Java so,for Now at least,// we'll only be testing file download when operating in a full,graphical mode.
            //
            // See bug report at https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=696481 and other reports
            // available online.
            log.warn("Not testing file download due to running in a headless mode,will just check link is present.");
        } else {
            // Trigger file download by click the <a> tag.
            sitePage.clickOnElement(downloadElement);

            final Path downloadedFilePath = Paths.get(acceptanceTestProperties.getDownloadDir().toString(),linkFileName);

            waitUntilFileAppears(downloadedFilePath);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Simulate mouse double click action
 */
@Override
@PublicAtsApi
public void doubleClick() {

    new RealHtmlElementState(this).waitToBecomeExisting();

    WebElement element = RealHtmlElementLocator.findElement(this);

    new Actions(webDriver).doubleClick(element).perform();
}

@Test
public void testAssertSelectedText() {
    final WebElement webElement = Mockito.mock(WebElement.class);
    Mockito.when(mockDriver.findElement(ArgumentMatchers.any())).thenReturn(webElement);
    Mockito.when(webElement.getTagName()).thenReturn("select");
    final List<WebElement> items = new ArrayList<>();
    items.add(webElement);
    Mockito.when(webElement.findElements(ArgumentMatchers.any())).thenReturn(items);
    Mockito.when(webElement.isSelected()).thenReturn(true);
    Mockito.when(webElement.getText()).thenReturn("text");
    assertSelectedText("text",null);
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  // Create a DesiredCapabilities object to request specific devices from the WebDriver server.
  // A udid can be optionally specified,otherwise an arbitrary device is chosen.
  DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();
  // caps.setCapability("uuid",udid);
  // Start a WebDriver session. The local machine has to be running the SafariDriverServer,or
  // change localhost below to an IP running the SafariDriverServer.
  driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:5555/wd/hub"),caps);
  // Connect to a URL
  driver.get("http://www.google.com");

  // Interact with the web page. In this example use case,the Webdriver API is used to find
  // specific elements,test a google search and take a screenshot.
  driver.findElement(By.id("hplogo"));

  // Google New York
  WebElement mobileSearchBox = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  mobileSearchBox.sendKeys("New York");
  WebElement searchBox;
  try {
    searchBox = driver.findElement(By.id("tsbb"));
  } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
    searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name("btnG"));
  }
  searchBox.click();

  takeScreenshot();
  driver.navigate().refresh();
  takeScreenshot();

  // Quit the WebDriver instance on completion of the test.
  driver.quit();
  driver = null;
}

@Override
public void selectByAnotherTextThan(final String text) {
    final org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select select = wrappedSelect();
    final List<WebElement> options = select.getoptions();
    for (int i = options.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        final WebElement each = options.get(i);
        if (!each.getText().equals(text)) {
            select.selectByIndex(i);
            return;
        }
    }
}

public void tableCellEditSelectByProps() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    String selector = "{ \"select\": \"{2,Sport}\" }";
    WebElement cell = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table::select-by-properties('" + selector + "')::editor"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("text-field",cell.getTagName());
    cell.clear();
    cell.sendKeys("Hello World",Keys.ENTER);
    cell = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table::mnth-cell(3,3)"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("Hello World",cell.getText());
    cell = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table::mnth-cell(3,5)"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("boolean-renderer",cell.getTagName());
    cell = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table::mnth-cell(3,5)::editor"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("check-Box",cell.getTagName());
}

@Override
public boolean clickElement(WebElement w) throws Exception {
    startTime();
    boolean result = currentPage.clickElement(w);
    this.setNextPage();
    return result;
}

@After
public void closeApp() {
    WebElement fileMenu = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//Menu[@caption='File']"));
    fileMenu.click();

    WebElement exit = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//MenuItem[@caption='Exit']"));
    exit.click();

    driver.quit();
}

private void assertClicksOnMenuItemsInSubMenu(WebElement menu) throws Throwable {
    menu.click();
    List<WebElement> includeSubMenus = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("menu"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals(4,includeSubMenus.size());
    WebElement subMenu = includeSubMenus.get(3);
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("Submenu",subMenu.getText());

    List<WebElement> menuItems = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("menu-item"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals(3,menuItems.size());
    menu.click();

    assertClicks(menu,subMenu,3);
}

@Step
@Then("значение динамического поля \"$field\" равно \"$expectedValue\"")
public void stepCheckValueInDynamicFields(@Named("$field") String field,@Named("$expectedValue") String expectedValue) {
    IElement parent = getCurrentPage().getElementByName(field);
    IElement nested = pageProvider.getPageByName(DYNAMIC_FIELDS_PAGE_NAME).getElementByName(EDIT_TEXT_NAME);
    WebElement elementFound = finder.findnestedWebElement(parent,nested);
    String actualElement = elementFound.getText();
    assertEquals(format("Значение поля [%s] не соответствует ожидаемому [%s]",actualElement,expectedValue),expectedValue,actualElement);
}

public void elementSendKeys() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
        @Override public void run() {
            frame.setLocationRelativeto(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    });
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("",EventQueueWait.call(textField,"getText"));
    WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.name("text-field"));
    element1.sendKeys("Hello"," ","World");
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals("Hello World","getText"));
}

public void getheader() throws Throwable {
    driver = new JavaDriver();
    WebElement header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table::header"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals(5 + "",header.getAttribute("count"));
    WebElement header2 = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table-header"));
    AssertJUnit.assertEquals(5 + "",header2.getAttribute("count"));
}