如果您对DockerImage和dockerimages感兴趣，那么这篇文章一定是您不可错过的。我们将详细讲解DockerImage的各种细节，并对dockerimages进行深入的分析，此外还有关于
如果您对Docker Image和docker images感兴趣，那么这篇文章一定是您不可错过的。我们将详细讲解Docker Image的各种细节，并对docker images进行深入的分析，此外还有关于25.week4 docker build 也就是创建自己的image 上传image到dockerhub 从dockerhub下载images、3.1 Docker Image概述、5.docker image (镜像)、Docker - docker images存储位置的实用技巧。
本文目录一览：- Docker Image（docker images）
- 25.week4 docker build 也就是创建自己的image 上传image到dockerhub 从dockerhub下载images
- 3.1 Docker Image概述
- 5.docker image (镜像)
- Docker - docker images存储位置
Docker Image（docker images）
Docker 对 container 的使用基本是建立在 LXC 基础之上，然而 LXC 存在的问题是难以移动，难以通过标准化的模板去制作、重建、复制和移动 container。
在以 VM 为基础的虚拟化中，有 image 和 snapshot 可以用于 VM 的复制、重建以及移动的功能。
想要通过 container 来实现快速的大规模部署和更新，这些功能不可或缺。
在 Docker 0.7 中引入了 Storage Driver（储存驱动）, 现在已经支持 AUFS、Btrfs、Device Mapper、OverlayFS、ZFS、VFS。
一、储存驱动
https://docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/select-storage-driver/
1.Union FileSystem
简称 Union FS（联合文件系统），储存驱动的一种。
一种分层、轻量级并且高性能的文件系统，它支持对文件系统的修改作为一次提交来一层层的叠加，同时可以将不同目录挂载到同一个虚拟文件系统下。
特性：一次同时加载多个文件系统，但从外面看起来，只能看到一个文件系统，联合加载会把各层文件系统叠加起来，这样最终的文件系统会包含所有底层的文件和目录。
2.Overlay2
Overlay2 是一种 Union FS，支持为每一个成员目录（AKA branch）设定 readonly、readwrite 和 whiteout-able 权限。
通常 Union FS 有两个用途：
- 不借助 LVM， RAID 将多个 disk 和挂载到一个目录下。
- 将一个 readonly 的 branch 和一个 writeable 的 branch 联合在一起，Live CD 正是基于此，可以允许在 OS image 不变的基础上允许用户在其上进行一些写操作。
Docker 在 Overlay2 上构建的 container image 也正是如此。
OverlayFS 将单个 Linux 主机上的两个目录分层，并将它们显示为单个目录。这些目录称为层，统一过程称为联合安装。
Overlay2 原生支持多达 128 OverlayFS 层。
下图显示了 Docker 镜像 和 Docker 容器 的分层方式。图像层是 lowerdir，容器层是 upperdir。统一视图通过一个被称为 merged 容器挂载点的目录公开。
二、Linux 系统启动
典型的 Linux 启动到运行需要两个 FS - bootfs + rootfs (从功能角度而非文件系统角度)
bootfs（boot file system）：
主要包含 bootloader 和 kernel，bootloader 主要是引导加载 kernel，当 kernel 被加载到内存中后，bootfs 就被 umount 了，此时内存的使用权已由 bootfs 转交给 kernel。
rootfs (root file system) ：
在 bootfs 之上。包含的就是典型 Linux 系统中的 /dev、/proc、/bin、/etc 等标准目录和文件。
由此可见对于不同的 linux 发行版，bootfs 基本是一致的，rootfs 会有差别，，因此不同的发行版可以公用 bootfs。如下图：
三、Docker image 结构
典型的 Linux 在启动后，首先将 rootfs 置为 readonly，进行一系列检查，然后将其切换为 "readwrite" 供用户使用。
在 Docker 中，起初也是将 rootfs 以 readonly 方式加载并检查，然而接下来利用 union mount 将一个 readwrite 文件系统挂载在 readonly 的 rootfs 之上，并且允许再次将下层的 file system 设定为 readonly，并且向上叠加。
这样一组 readonly 和一个 writeable 的结构构成一个 container 的运行目录，每一个被称作一个 Layer。如下图：
得益于 AUFS 的特性，每一个对 readonly 层文件或目录的修改都只会存在于上层的 writeable 层中。
这样，由于不存在竞争，多个 container 可以共享 readonly 的 layer。
所以 docker 将 readonly 的层称作 image，对于 container 而言整个 rootfs 都是 read-write 的，但事实上所有的修改都写入最上层的 writeable 层中。
image 不保存用户状态，可以用于模板、重建和复制。
某个镜像：
基于该镜像创建的容器：
上层的 image 依赖下层的 image，因此 docker 中把下层的 image 称作父 image，没有父 image 的 image 称作 base image。
因此想要从一个 image 启动一个 container，docker 会先加载其父 image 直到 base image，用户的进程运行在 writeable 的 layer 中。
所有 parent image 中的数据信息以及 ID、网络和 lxc 管理的资源限制等具体 container 的配置，构成一个 docker 概念上的 container。如下图：
Docker image 采用分层结构的好处
共享资源，节省存储空间：有多个镜像都从相同的 base 镜像构建而来，那么宿主机只需在磁盘上保存一份 base 镜像，同时内存中也只需加载一份 base 镜像，就可以为所有容器服务了。而且镜像的每一层都可以被共享。
快速部署：如果要部署多个 container，base image 可以避免多次拷贝。
内存更省：因为多个 container 共享 base image，以及 OS 的 disk 缓存机制，多个 container 中的进程命中缓存内容的几率大大增加。
升级更方便：相比于 copy-on-write 类型的文件系统，base-image 也是可以挂载为可 writeable 的，可以通过更新 base image 而一次性更新其之上的 container。
允许在不更改 base-image 的同时修改其目录中的文件，所有写操作都发生在最上层的 writeable 层中。
四、Docker 镜像 commit
docker commit 提交容器副本使之成为一个新的镜像
# docker commit -m=“提交的描述信息” -a=“作者” 容器ID 要创建的目标镜像名:[标签名]
# 下载镜像
docker pull tomcat
# 启动镜像
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
# 查看容器ID
docker ps -a
# 进入容器
docker exec -it a41c393cfa45 /bin/bash
# 删除 tomcat
rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/*
# 退出容器
exit
# 生成新镜像
docker commit -m=“没有webapps的tomcat镜像” -a=“jhxxb” a41c393cfa45 jhxxb/tomcat-del:1.0
# 查看生成的新镜像
docker images
# 运行新镜像（需要指定版本，默认为 latest）
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 jhxxb/tomcat-del:1.0
可以看到新镜像的 webapps 目录下没有文件
http://tiewei.github.io/cloud/Docker-Getting-Start/
https://docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/overlayfs-driver/#how-the-overlay2-driver-works
25.week4 docker build 也就是创建自己的image 上传image到dockerhub 从dockerhub下载images
dado可以写你自己的名字
这个命令就会根据目录下的Dockerfile（固定用和这个名字）文件里面的内容 去下载并创建运行命令一步一步地
Setting up libxfixes3:amd64 (1:5.0.1-2) ...
Setting up libxinerama1:amd64 (2:1.1.3-1) ...
Setting up libxshmfence1:amd64 (1.2-1) ...
Setting up libxtst6:amd64 (2:1.2.2-1) ...
Setting up libxxf86vm1:amd64 (1:1.1.4-1) ...
Setting up libjbig0:amd64 (2.1-3.1) ...
Setting up libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:amd64 (0~git20131104-1.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtxc_dxtn_s2tc.so.0 to provide /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtxc_dxtn.so (libtxc-dxtn-x86_64-linux-gnu) in auto mode
Setting up libbsd0:amd64 (0.8.2-1) ...
Setting up libnettle6:amd64 (3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libhogweed4:amd64 (3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libidn11:amd64 (1.32-3ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up libp11-kit0:amd64 (0.23.2-5~ubuntu16.04.1) ...
Setting up libtasn1-6:amd64 (4.7-3ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...
Setting up libgnutls30:amd64 (3.4.10-4ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up libsqlite3-0:amd64 (3.11.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libssl1.0.0:amd64 (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (TERM is not set, so the dialog frontend is not usable.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can''t locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.22.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.22.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.22 /usr/share/perl/5.22 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base .) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Setting up openssl (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13) ...
Setting up ca-certificates (20170717~16.04.1) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (TERM is not set, so the dialog frontend is not usable.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can''t locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.22.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.22.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.22 /usr/share/perl/5.22 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base .) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Setting up libcap-ng0:amd64 (0.7.7-1) ...
Setting up libdbus-1-3:amd64 (1.10.6-1ubuntu3.3) ...
Setting up dbus (1.10.6-1ubuntu3.3) ...
Setting up krb5-locales (1.13.2+dfsg-5ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libdrm-common (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libdrm2:amd64 (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libedit2:amd64 (3.1-20150325-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libelf1:amd64 (0.165-3ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-data (2.48.2-0ubuntu4) ...
Setting up libkrb5support0:amd64 (1.13.2+dfsg-5ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libk5crypto3:amd64 (1.13.2+dfsg-5ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libkeyutils1:amd64 (1.5.9-8ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libkrb5-3:amd64 (1.13.2+dfsg-5ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 (1.13.2+dfsg-5ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libicu55:amd64 (55.1-7ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up libxml2:amd64 (2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.6) ...
Setting up shared-mime-info (1.5-2ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up xdg-user-dirs (0.15-2ubuntu6.16.04.1) ...
Setting up xml-core (0.13+nmu2) ...
Setting up java-common (0.56ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libavahi-common-data:amd64 (0.6.32~rc+dfsg-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libavahi-common3:amd64 (0.6.32~rc+dfsg-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libavahi-client3:amd64 (0.6.32~rc+dfsg-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libcups2:amd64 (2.1.3-4ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up libjpeg8:amd64 (8c-2ubuntu8) ...
Setting up libnspr4:amd64 (2:4.13.1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libpcsclite1:amd64 (1.8.14-1ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libxi6:amd64 (2:1.7.6-1) ...
Setting up libxrender1:amd64 (1:0.9.9-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up fonts-dejavu-extra (2.35-1) ...
Setting up hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libasound2-data (1.1.0-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libasound2:amd64 (1.1.0-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libatk1.0-data (2.18.0-1) ...
Setting up libatk1.0-0:amd64 (2.18.0-1) ...
Setting up libpixman-1-0:amd64 (0.33.6-1) ...
Setting up libxcb-render0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxcb-shm0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libcairo2:amd64 (1.14.6-1) ...
Setting up libdatrie1:amd64 (0.2.10-2) ...
Setting up libdrm-amdgpu1:amd64 (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libpciaccess0:amd64 (0.13.4-1) ...
Setting up libdrm-intel1:amd64 (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libdrm-nouveau2:amd64 (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libdrm-radeon1:amd64 (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libflac8:amd64 (1.3.1-4) ...
Setting up libtiff5:amd64 (4.0.6-1ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common (2.32.2-1ubuntu1.5) ...
Setting up libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:amd64 (2.32.2-1ubuntu1.5) ...
Setting up libgif7:amd64 (5.1.4-0.3~16.04) ...
Setting up libglapi-mesa:amd64 (18.0.5-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libllvm6.0:amd64 (1:6.0-1ubuntu2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libsensors4:amd64 (1:3.4.0-2) ...
Setting up libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (18.0.5-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libx11-xcb1:amd64 (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libxcb-dri2-0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxcb-dri3-0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxcb-glx0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxcb-present0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxcb-sync1:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 (18.0.5-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_GL.conf (x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf) in auto mode
Setting up libgraphite2-3:amd64 (1.3.10-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libgtk2.0-common (2.24.30-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up libthai-data (0.1.24-2) ...
Setting up libthai0:amd64 (0.1.24-2) ...
Setting up libpango-1.0-0:amd64 (1.38.1-1) ...
Setting up libharfbuzz0b:amd64 (1.0.1-1ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libpangoft2-1.0-0:amd64 (1.38.1-1) ...
Setting up libpangocairo-1.0-0:amd64 (1.38.1-1) ...
Setting up libxcursor1:amd64 (1:1.1.14-1ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up libxrandr2:amd64 (2:1.5.0-1) ...
Setting up libgtk2.0-0:amd64 (2.24.30-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up libgtk2.0-bin (2.24.30-1ubuntu1.16.04.2) ...
Setting up xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1) ...
Setting up x11proto-core-dev (7.0.31-1~ubuntu16.04.2) ...
Setting up libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.9-1) ...
Setting up libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.3-4) ...
Setting up libvorbis0a:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up libvorbisenc2:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up libsndfile1:amd64 (1.0.25-10ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libpulse0:amd64 (1:8.0-0ubuntu3.10) ...
Setting up libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.2-1) ...
Setting up libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.8-1) ...
Setting up libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.2-1.1) ...
Setting up x11proto-input-dev (2.3.1-1) ...
Setting up x11proto-kb-dev (1.0.7-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up xtrans-dev (1.3.5-1) ...
Setting up libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libx11-doc (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libxt6:amd64 (1:1.1.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up tcpd (7.6.q-25) ...
Setting up libnss3-nssdb (2:3.28.4-0ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...
Setting up libnss3:amd64 (2:3.28.4-0ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...
Setting up openjdk-8-jre-headless:amd64 (8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/rmid to provide /usr/bin/rmid (rmid) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java to provide /usr/bin/java (java) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/keytool to provide /usr/bin/keytool (keytool) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/jjs to provide /usr/bin/jjs (jjs) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/pack200 to provide /usr/bin/pack200 (pack200) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/rmiregistry to provide /usr/bin/rmiregistry (rmiregistry) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/unpack200 to provide /usr/bin/unpack200 (unpack200) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/orbd to provide /usr/bin/orbd (orbd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/servertool to provide /usr/bin/servertool (servertool) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/tnameserv to provide /usr/bin/tnameserv (tnameserv) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/jexec to provide /usr/bin/jexec (jexec) in auto mode
Setting up ca-certificates-java (20160321ubuntu1) ...
done.
Setting up openjdk-8-jre:amd64 (8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/policytool to provide /usr/bin/policytool (policytool) in auto mode
Setting up openjdk-8-jdk-headless:amd64 (8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/idlj to provide /usr/bin/idlj (idlj) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeps to provide /usr/bin/jdeps (jdeps) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/wsimport to provide /usr/bin/wsimport (wsimport) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmic to provide /usr/bin/rmic (rmic) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jinfo to provide /usr/bin/jinfo (jinfo) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jsadebugd to provide /usr/bin/jsadebugd (jsadebugd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/native2ascii to provide /usr/bin/native2ascii (native2ascii) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstat to provide /usr/bin/jstat (jstat) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac to provide /usr/bin/javac (javac) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/javah to provide /usr/bin/javah (javah) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jps to provide /usr/bin/jps (jps) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstack to provide /usr/bin/jstack (jstack) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jrunscript to provide /usr/bin/jrunscript (jrunscript) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/javadoc to provide /usr/bin/javadoc (javadoc) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jhat to provide /usr/bin/jhat (jhat) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/javap to provide /usr/bin/javap (javap) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jar to provide /usr/bin/jar (jar) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/extcheck to provide /usr/bin/extcheck (extcheck) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/schemagen to provide /usr/bin/schemagen (schemagen) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/xjc to provide /usr/bin/xjc (xjc) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmap to provide /usr/bin/jmap (jmap) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstatd to provide /usr/bin/jstatd (jstatd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdb to provide /usr/bin/jdb (jdb) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/serialver to provide /usr/bin/serialver (serialver) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/wsgen to provide /usr/bin/wsgen (wsgen) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jcmd to provide /usr/bin/jcmd (jcmd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jarsigner to provide /usr/bin/jarsigner (jarsigner) in auto mode
Setting up openjdk-8-jdk:amd64 (8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/appletviewer to provide /usr/bin/appletviewer (appletviewer) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jconsole to provide /usr/bin/jconsole (jconsole) in auto mode
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.2) ...
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20170717~16.04.1) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
148 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
Adding debian:ACCVRAIZ1.pem
Adding debian:ACEDICOM_Root.pem
Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM.pem
Adding debian:Actalis_Authentication_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_External_Root.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_Low-Value_Services_Root.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_Public_Services_Root.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_Qualified_Certificates_Root.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Commercial.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Networking.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium_ECC.pem
Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_3.pem
Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_4.pem
Adding debian:Atos_TrustedRoot_2011.pem
Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068.pem
Adding debian:Baltimore_CyberTrust_Root.pem
Adding debian:Buypass_Class_2_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Buypass_Class_3_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:CA_Disig_Root_R1.pem
Adding debian:CA_Disig_Root_R2.pem
Adding debian:CFCA_EV_ROOT.pem
Adding debian:CNNIC_ROOT.pem
Adding debian:COMODO_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:COMODO_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:COMODO_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Camerfirma_Chambers_of_Commerce_Root.pem
Adding debian:Camerfirma_Global_Chambersign_Root.pem
Adding debian:Certigna.pem
Adding debian:Certinomis_-_Autorité_Racine.pem
Adding debian:Certinomis_-_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certplus_Class_2_Primary_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certplus_Root_CA_G1.pem
Adding debian:Certplus_Root_CA_G2.pem
Adding debian:Certum_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:Chambers_of_Commerce_Root_-_2008.pem
Adding debian:China_Internet_Network_Information_Center_EV_Certificates_Root.pem
Adding debian:Comodo_AAA_Services_root.pem
Adding debian:Comodo_Secure_Services_root.pem
Adding debian:Comodo_Trusted_Services_root.pem
Adding debian:Cybertrust_Global_Root.pem
Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_2009.pem
Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_EV_2009.pem
Adding debian:DST_ACES_CA_X6.pem
Adding debian:DST_Root_CA_X3.pem
Adding debian:Deutsche_Telekom_Root_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G2.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G3.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G2.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G3.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Trusted_Root_G4.pem
Adding debian:E-Tugra_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:EC-ACC.pem
Adding debian:EE_Certification_Centre_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Entrust.net_Premium_2048_Secure_Server_CA.pem
Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_EC1.pem
Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Global_CA.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Global_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Universal_CA.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Universal_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R4.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R5.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R2.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R3.pem
Adding debian:Global_Chambersign_Root_-_2008.pem
Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem
Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_ECC_RootCA_2015.pem
Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2011.pem
Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2015.pem
Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X1.pem
Adding debian:IdenTrust_Commercial_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:IdenTrust_Public_Sector_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:Izenpe.com.pem
Adding debian:LuxTrust_Global_Root_2.pem
Adding debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA_2009.pem
Adding debian:NetLock_Arany_=Class_Gold=_Főtanúsítvány.pem
Adding debian:Network_Solutions_Certificate_Authority.pem
Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GA_CA.pem
Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GB_CA.pem
Adding debian:OpenTrust_Root_CA_G1.pem
Adding debian:OpenTrust_Root_CA_G2.pem
Adding debian:OpenTrust_Root_CA_G3.pem
Adding debian:PSCProcert.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_1_G3.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2_G3.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3_G3.pem
Adding debian:SZAFIR_ROOT_CA2.pem
Adding debian:SecureSign_RootCA11.pem
Adding debian:SecureTrust_CA.pem
Adding debian:Secure_Global_CA.pem
Adding debian:Security_Communication_EV_RootCA1.pem
Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA2.pem
Adding debian:Security_Communication_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Sonera_Class_2_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_EV_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:Starfield_Class_2_CA.pem
Adding debian:Starfield_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Starfield_Services_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:SwissSign_Silver_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Swisscom_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:Swisscom_Root_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:Swisscom_Root_EV_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_2.pem
Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_3.pem
Adding debian:TUBITAK_Kamu_SM_SSL_Kok_Sertifikasi_-_Surum_1.pem
Adding debian:TURKTRUST_Certificate_Services_Provider_Root_2007.pem
Adding debian:TWCA_Global_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:TWCA_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Taiwan_GRCA.pem
Adding debian:TeliaSonera_Root_CA_v1.pem
Adding debian:Trustis_FPS_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:TÜBİTAK_UEKAE_Kök_Sertifika_Hizmet_Sağlayıcısı_-_Sürüm_3.pem
Adding debian:TÜRKTRUST_Elektronik_Sertifika_Hizmet_Sağlayıcısı_H5.pem
Adding debian:USERTrust_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:UTN_USERFirst_Hardware_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:VeriSign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G4.pem
Adding debian:VeriSign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G5.pem
Adding debian:VeriSign_Universal_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:Visa_eCommerce_Root.pem
Adding debian:XRamp_Global_CA_Root.pem
Adding debian:certSIGN_ROOT_CA.pem
Adding debian:ePKI_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:thawte_Primary_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:thawte_Primary_Root_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:thawte_Primary_Root_CA_-_G3.pem
done.
done.
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ...
Removing intermediate container 0f23a95bea42
---> 8f93746ccfe5
Step 7/7 : RUN apt-get install -y python
---> Running in fc2aeb8c23dd
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
file libmagic1 libpython-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib
mime-support python-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal
Suggested packages:
python-doc python-tk python2.7-doc binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
file libmagic1 libpython-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib
mime-support python python-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
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Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 python amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 [137 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmagic1 amd64 1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1 [216 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 file amd64 1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1 [21.2 kB]
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Setting up file (1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Removing intermediate container fc2aeb8c23dd
---> 057807ccc7d8
Successfully built 057807ccc7d8
Successfully tagged hanshanyang/coj_demo_01:latest安装完成我们
等他安装完成 会把这个状态创建成一个image存在本地
然后我们在 push到docker hub上去（远程） 和我们的git很相似
我们登录到docker hub上去（自己去官网创建账号）
登录上了
我们就要push了
这说明上传成功
那么从docker hub 下拉image也很简单 就是 pull
如果你本地有这个image他会自动更新到最新的
如果你要删除
3.1 Docker Image概述
获取镜像
- Docker Store官方base镜像源 https://store.docker.com/search?category=base&source=verified&type=image
- 网易蜂巢镜像源 https://c.163yun.com/hub
- 阿里云镜像源 https://dev.aliyun.com/search.html
- docker加速器 https://www.daocloud.io/mirror
生成镜像
可以在对容器进行修改之后，提交更改，从而生成一个新的镜像
docker commit 259b310e11e8 siguoya/centos-vim但是这种构建镜像的方式并不推荐：
- 即使使用
docker history也很难看到在系统中做了哪些修改，这可能会导致未知的安全问题 - 和别人交换镜像的时候，传输的文件很大
因此使用Dockerfile是比较好的操作方式
docker build -t medical-api:2.0.0 . 当docker build卡住的时候，我们可以通过docker run 特定步骤生成的镜像的ID进行调试。
例如 76e637f41c70 这个镜像ID，就是第7步操作的镜像了
Step 7/8 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in 76e637f41c70
Removing intermediate container 76e637f41c70
---> 5ee69e2a769b
Step 8/8 : CMD ["npm", "start"]
---> Running in bbaa15d00d50
Removing intermediate container bbaa15d00d50docker build 的缓存机制：http://open.daocloud.io/docke...
删除
# 删除所有<none>镜像。build过程，每一步都会生成缓存，如果build失败，就会产生<none>镜像
docker images | grep none | awk ''{print $3 }'' | xargs docker rmi
5.docker image (镜像)
1.image 是什么
是文件和 meta data 的集合 （root filesystem）
是分层的，并且每一层都可以添加改变删除文件，成为一个新的image
不同的image可以共享相同的layer #4 和 #2 可以共享 centos image
image 本身是只读的
2.image的获取
从文件( dockerFile )获取
dockerFile内容如下
FROM ubantu_16_04 #基础 image 为 ubantu_16_04 类似于操作系统为 ubantu 16 04
LABEL maintainer="eaon <eaon@163.com>" #基本标识 例如作者和邮箱
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y redis-server #在 基础image 上运行一段 安装程序的命令
EXPOSE 6379 #要暴露的端口号
ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/bin/redis-server" ] # 程序的入口
从 dockerFile 运行
docker build -t eaon03/redis:latest . #表示从当前的 dockerFile 建立名为 eaon03/redis:latest 的镜像
从 registry 拉取 （ 从远程仓库拉取 registry 类似与 github ）
如果 docker 太慢或者超时 可以切换docker源
sudo docker pull hello-world
(具体的镜像 可以从 hub.docker.com 上进行加下载)
sudo docker image ls 查看本地的image列表
3.制作base image (例如 hello-world)
创建一个hello-world 目录 并 进入
mkdir hello-world
cd hello-world
写一个 .c 文件
vim hello.c
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{printf("hello docker!\n");}
安装 gcc glibc-static
sudo yum install -y gcc glibc-static
编译 c 文件为二进制文件
gcc -static hello.c -o hello
编写Dockerfile
vim Dockerfile
FROM scratch
ADD hello /
CMD ["/hello"]
添加镜像
docker build -t eaon/hello-world .
运行镜像
docker run eaon/hello-world
4.centos 虚拟机去除 sudo
1. 添加docker 用户组
sudo groupadd docker
2.将vagrant 用户 添加到 docker 用户组内
sudo gpasswd -a vagrant docker
3.重启docker 进程
sudo service docker restart
4.重新登陆
Docker - docker images存储位置
docker镜像存储位置
例如我的driver是overlay2，则docker镜像的实际存储在/var/lib/docker/overlay2文件夹里面。
ls和du的不同
ls -alh dir/显示文件的大小或文件夹的元数据的大小。所以在ls -alh 文件夹时，元数据存储在一个block里面，一个block的大小(4.0K)，而不显示里面实际内容的大小。
du -sh dir/则显示文件夹或者文件实际磁盘占有的大小。
解决问题的过程 TLDR；
Google一下。找到
- 原来存储位置取决于driver。
- 输入
docker info查看，关键的信息：Server Version: 18.09.6, Storage Driver: overlay2, Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker。我的docker driver是overlay2。 ls -alh /varl/lib/docker/overlay2。咦！为什么都是4.0KB大小？和我的docker images显示的size不同，明明size有几G大。想起了linux在磁盘上表现为用block去存储，一个block是4.0KB。ls命令显示的只是文件夹的Meta-data，不是实际内容在磁盘占有大小。
怎么查看实际磁盘占有大小？
du -s /var/lib/docker/overlay2的最后一行。
或者du -sh /var/lib/docker/overlay2。
或者更human readable的，根据文件大小排序du -sh * | sort -h
今天关于Docker Image和docker images的讲解已经结束，谢谢您的阅读，如果想了解更多关于25.week4 docker build 也就是创建自己的image 上传image到dockerhub 从dockerhub下载images、3.1 Docker Image概述、5.docker image (镜像)、Docker - docker images存储位置的相关知识，请在本站搜索。
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