# pcre中文"perl兼容正则表达式",安装pcre库是为了让nginx支持具备URL重写功能
# 的Rewrite模块,rewrite可以实现动态页面转成伪静态、301网页跳转等功能.
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc+
useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin
useradd oldboy
mkdir /home/oldboy/tools/
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
# 将这句注释掉取消Debug编译模式 大概在179行
sed -i "179s/#//" auto/cc/gcc
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www \
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install
mkdir /application
ln -s /opt/nginx/ /application/nginx
# 开发用的目录地址是/application/nginx,好处是如果nginx要升级,就可以升完级,
# 然后删除软链接,再软链一个一样的目录名--/application/nginx
curl -I 10.0.0.8

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2018 18:01:55 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 11 Dec 2018 17:38:35 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c0ff61b-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

# 排错三部曲--ping、telnet、wget(或curl -I)

# 把空行、注释行都去掉
egrep -v "^$|#" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
配置文件中index  index.html index.htm;的意思是:访问URL什么都不跟时,会从index后面的文件挨个查找.
root   html;指站点的根目录是html,相对于安装目录来说;
# 更改了软链接的内容,源文件或源目录也会相应发生变化.
# windows下命令窗口输入drivers可以迅速找到hosts文件.
nginx使用一个server{}标签来表示一个虚拟主机,一个web服务可以有多个
虚拟主机标签对,即-可以同时支持多个虚拟主机站点.

cat nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.etiantian.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  bbs.etiantian.com;
        location / {
            root   html/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}
# 直接用IP地址访问,请求头的host中没有域名,会把匹配到的第一个文件返回:
curl 10.0.0.8 -- www

用10.0.0.61去测试,在hosts中添加:
172.16.1.8    web01 www.etiantian.com bbs.etiantian.com

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.etiantian.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       81;
        server_name  bbs.etiantian.com;
        location / {
            root   html/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}
此时分别去访问这两个域名:
curl www.etiantian.com -- www
curl bbs.etiantian.com -- www

# ifconfig添加的IP叫别名IP
ifconfig eth0:1 10.0.0.101/24 up
ifconfig eth0:1 down
# ip添加的IP叫辅助IP,加了label之后,会让你看不出来是用哪个命令配的
# 一出手就是专业,高手打羽毛球不会让你预判出他发的是什么球
ip addr add 10.0.0.101/24 dev eth0 label eth0:2
ip addr del 10.0.0.101/24 dev eth0 label eth0:2

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       10.0.0.8:80;
        server_name  www.etiantian.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       10.0.0.101:80;
        server_name  bbs.etiantian.com;
        location / {
            root   html/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}
curl 10.0.0.8 -- www
curl 10.0.0.101 -- bbs

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
# 可以放在main、http、server、location等位置
# 用较低级别的日志级别(如:debug|info|notice)会产生很大的磁盘I/O
error_log logs/error.log error
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
	log_format  main  ''$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''
				  ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''
				  ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'';
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    incloud    extra/*.conf
}

cat >> /application/nginx/conf/extra/status.conf<<EOF
# status
server{
   listen 80;
   server_name  status.etiantian.com;
   location /nginx_status {
    stub_status on;
    access_log off;
    allow 10.0.0.0/24;
    deny all;
     }
}
EOF
# 在10.0.0.61上访问测试
curl status.etiantian.com/nginx_status
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.8.0</center>
</body>
</html>
# 这是因为在10.0.0.61的hosts中status.etiantian.com被解析为172.16.1.8,
# 服务器端对IP段进行了限制,能与172.16.1.8通信的是172.16.1.61,
# 所以服务器返回了403,修改hosts之后即可正常访问--10.0.0.8  status.etiantian.com
172.16.1.61 - - [15/Dec/2018:20:58:31 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-"

mkdir /server/tools/
cd /server/tools/
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
tar xf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.32/
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
./configure --prefix=/application/apache2.2.32 \
--enable-deflate --enable-expires --enable-headers \
--enable-modules=most --enable-so --enable-rewrite --with-mpm=worker
make
make install
/application/apache/htdocs
mkdir www blog bbs
# 去掉配置文件中396行的注释
vi /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf +406
Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf
vi /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf +98
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
# 取消把根目录当做下载站点功能
vi httpd.conf +145
Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks

cat /application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin 1746465163-@qq.com
    DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.32/htdocs/www"
    ServerName www.etiantian.com
    ServerAlias etiantian.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin 1746465163-@qq.com
    DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.32/htdocs/bbs"
    ServerName bbs.etiantian.com
    ErrorLog "logs/bbs-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/bbs-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin 1746465163-@qq.com
    DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.32/htdocs/blog"
    ServerName blog.etiantian.com
    ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
# 没有首页文件只是报403 Forbidden的原因之一
echo "apache blog" > blog/index.html
echo "apache bbs" > bbs/index.html
/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
/application/apache/bin/apachectl start
/application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful

# apache更改网站的根目录之后,访问报403
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin 1746465163-@qq.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"
    ServerName www1.etiantian.com
    ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
# 这是因为配置文件中没有新增这个目录路径
<Directory "/application/apache2.2.32/htdocs">
    Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

<Directory "/var/html">
    Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

查询第n-m条数据的sql:
select * from show_md5_status limit 50,100;
select * from show_md5_status order by id desc limit 100;