Oracle RAC 中每个节点都有一个虚拟 IP，简称 VIP， 与公网 PUBLIC IP 在同一个网段。vip 附属在 public 网口接口。 Virtual IP 和 PUBLIC IP 最主要的不同之处在于：VIP 是浮动的，而 PUBLIC IP 是固定的。在所有节点都正常运行时，每个节点的 VIP 会被分配到 public NIC 上；在 linux 下 ifconfig 查看，public 网卡上是 2 个 IP 地址；如果一个节点宕机，这个节点的 VIP 会被转移到还在运行的节点上。也就是幸存的节点的 public NIC 这个网卡上，会有 3 个 IP 地址。
如果没有 vip，连接失败节点的 process 会有一个比较长的 tcp 超时等待，才能返回错误，有了 vip 后，节点失效后，由于 vip 漂移到其它节点，连接该 vip 的 process 很快就能返回错误，从而更快的尝试连接其它活动的节点，避免客户端反复连接 node1 的实例。 如果应用程序和客户机都配置了透明的应用程序故障转移选项，可以在客户端重新连接到剩余的实例。
使用 Virtual ip 的另一个原因，我认为是负载均衡。客户端在配置 tnsnames.ora 时，有些场合是要使用的 vip，而有些场合又必须使用 Public IP。例如，当你在定位一个数据库的死锁时，使用 Public IP，可以确保连到你想处理的机器。相反此时使用 VIP 时，会出现不确定性，因为服务器默认是开启负载均衡的，也就是有可能你想连 A 机，系统却给你分配了 B 机。
SCAN IP：在 oracle 11gR2 中，SCAN IP 是作为一个新增 IP 出现的，scan ip 其实是 oracle 在客户端与数据库之间，新加的一个连接层，当有客户端访问时，连接到 SCAN IP LISTENER， 而 SCAN IP LISTENER 接收到连接请求时，会根据 LBA 算法将该客户端的连接请求，转发给对应的 instance 上的 VIP LISTENER，从而完成了整个客户端与服务器的连接过程。简化如下： client -> scan listener -> local listener -> local instance 你也可以把 scan 理解为一个虚拟主机名，它对应的是整个 RAC 集群。客户端主机只需通过这个 scan name 即可访问数据库集群的任意节点。当然访问的节点是随机的，oracle 强烈建议通过 DNS Server 的 round robin 模式配置解析 SCAN，实现负载均衡（即轮换连接 SCAN 对应的 IP 地址）。这有点类似通过 vip 和 listener loadbalance 配置实现负载均衡的原理。
引入了 scan 以后，就方便了客户端连接的一个接口，顾名思义 single client access name ，简单客户端连接名，这是一个唯一的名称，在整个公司网络内部唯一，并且在 DNS 中可以解析为三个 ip 地址，客户端连接的时候只需要知道这个名称，并连接即可， 每个 SCAN VIP 对应一个 scan listener，cluster 内部的 service 在每个 scan listener 上都有注册，scan listener 接受客户端的请求，并 foward 到不同的 Local listener 中去，还是由 local 的 listener 提供服务给客户端。
scan ip 主要是为了简化客户端连接，假如你的 oracle 集群有 20 个节点，客户端连接的时候，是不是需要配置 20 个 vip，如果用 scan，只需要一个 scan name 就行了，剩下的事情，scan 帮你做了。
PHSS_37959 Libcl patch for alternate stack issue fix
(QXCR1000818011)
PHSS_39094 11.31 linker + fdp cumulative patch
PHSS_39100 11.31 Math Library Cumulative Patch
PHSS_39102 11.31 Integrity Unwind Library
PHSS_38141 11.31 aC++ Runtime
补丁下载地址：
HP provides patch bundles at
Individual patches can be downloaded from
安装补丁命令：
#swinstall –s $PATH/patchname
2.1.2 AIX软件及补丁列表
AIX 6.1 /5.3 required packages:
bos.adt.base
bos.adt.lib
bos.adt.libm
bos.perf.libperfstat 5.3.9.0 or later (AIX 5.3)
bos.perf.libperfstat 6.1.2.1 or later (AIX 6.1)
bos.perf.perfstat
bos.perf.proctools
rsct.basic.rte
rsct.compat.clients.rte
xlC.aix50.rte:10.1.0.0 or later (AIX 5.3)
xlC.aix61.rte:10.1.0.0 or later (AIX 6.1)
gpfs.base 3.2.1.8 or later (Only for RAC)
Authorized Problem Analysis Reports (APARs) for AIX 5L:
IZ42940
IZ49516
IZ52331
2.1.3 RHEL 软件及补丁列表
RHEL5,OEL5:
Refer to Note 880989.1
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-6.el5 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (i386)
elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5 (x86_64)
glibc-2.5-24 (x86_64)
glibc-2.5-24 (i686)
glibc-common-2.5-24 (x86_64)
ksh-20060214-1.7 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-42.el5 (i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-42.el5 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.1.2-42.el5 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.1.2-42.el5 (i386)
make-3.81-3.el5 (x86_64)
The remaining Install Guide requirements will have to be installed:
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
a.) requires elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm as a prerequisite, as listed below.
b.) elfutils-libelf-devel and elfutils-libelf-devel-static each depend upon the other. Therefore, they must be installed together, in one (1) "rpm -ivh" command as follows:
a.) requires kernel-headers-2.6.18-92.el5.x86_64.rpm as a prerequisite, as listed below
glibc-devel-2.5-24.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.5-24.i386.rpm
gcc-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
a.) requires libgomp-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm as a prerequisite, as listed below
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.x86_64.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm
sysstat-7.0.2-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
RHEL4,OEL4:
Refer to Note 880942.1
SLES10:-
Refer to Note 884435.1
SLES11 :-
Refer to Note 881044.1
2.2.内核设置
2.2.1 HP-UX 内核参数设置如下：
1．内核参数设置如下
NPROC 4096
oracle 10gR2 and oracle 11gR1 and oracle 11gR2 在RHEL 5下安
Requirements For Installing Oracle 10gR2 On RHEL_OEL 5 (x86) [ID 419646.1].htm Requirements For Installing Oracle 10gR2 On RHEL 5_OEL 5 (x86_64) [ID 421308.1].htm Requirements for Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on Linux Itanium (i
requirements for installing oracle 10gr2 on rhel_oel 5 (x86) [id 419646.1].htm
Requirements For Installing Oracle 10gR2 On RHEL 5_OEL 5 (x86_64) [ID 421308.1].htm
Requirements for Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on Linux Itanium (ia64) [ID 748378.1].htm
Requirements for Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on zLinux (s390x) [ID 741646.1].htm
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR1 32bit RDBMS on RHEL 5 & OEL 5 [ID 438765.1].htm
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR1 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on AMD64_EM64T [ID 438766.1].htm
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on 32-bit x86 [ID 880936.1].htm
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on AMD64_EM64T [ID 880989.1].htm
Installing Oracle 10gR2 On RHEL_OEL 5 (x86)时的rpm包要求：
As per documentation bug 7680459
, the package libXp-1.0.0-8
is also required to invoke OUI successfully.
所以，libXp-1.0.0-8 包要安装
，否则在运行./runInstaller时，会报错：
Exception
:java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError:/u01/product/oracle/jdk/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so:
libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
此报错会导致图形界面出不来，导致安装oracle软件失败。
Installing Oracle10gR2 On RHEL 5_OEL 5 (x86_64)时的rpm包要求：
Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on Linux Itanium (ia64) 时的rpm包要求：
II. Software:
============
1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5.x, which is Kernel 2.6.18-8.el5 or newer.
2. Required OS Components (per Release Notes, and Install Guide)
a.) This list is based upon Itanium (ia64) RHEL Server 5.0. When a
newer "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as
2.6.18-8.el5) may be slightly higher (such as 2.6.18-53.el5 or
2.6.18-92.el5). This is fine so long as you are still using RHEL Server 5
RPMs for Itanium (ia64).
b.) binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5.ia64.rpm
c.) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.ia64.rpm
aa.) The RHEL 5.0 ia64 and 5.1 ia64 media mistakenly named this same
RPM as:
compat-libstdc33-3.2.3-61.ia64.rpm
d.) elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5.ia64.rpm
e.) elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5.ia64.rpm
f.) gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.ia64.rpm
g.) gcc-c++-4.1.2-42.el5.ia64.rpm
aa.) The RHEL 5.0 ia64 and 5.1 ia64 media mistakenly named this same
RPM as:
gcc-c4.1.1-52.el5.ia64.rpm
h.) glibc-2.5-12.ia64.rpm
i.) glibc-common-2.5-12.ia64.rpm
j.) glibc-devel-2.5-12.ia64.rpm
k.) glibc-headers-2.5-12.ia64.rpm
l.) libaio-0.3.106-3.2.ia64.rpm
m.) libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.ia64.rpm
n.) libgcc-4.1.1-52.el5.ia64.rpm
o.) libstdc++-4.1.2-42.el5.ia64.rpm
aa.) The RHEL 5.0 ia64 and 5.1 ia64 media mistakenly named this same
RPM as:
libstdc4.1.1-52.el5.ia64.rpm
p.) libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-42.el5.ia64.rpm
aa.) The RHEL 5.0 ia64 and 5.1 ia64 media mistakenly named this same
RPM as:
libstdcdevel-4.1.1-52.el5.ia64.rpm
q.) make-3.81-1.1.ia64.rpm
r.) sysstat-7.0.0-3.el5.ia64.rpm
s.) unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.ia64.rpm
t.) unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.ia64.rpm
In several cases, multiple architectures of RPMs are provided on the
RHEL media. You only need the "ia64" architectures. For example, you do
not need "glibc-2.5-12.i686.rpm". You only need
"glibc-2.5-12.ia64.rpm".
3. Additional Required OS Components (per the runInstaller OUI)
a.) intentionally blank
4. Additional Required OS Components (per this NOTE)
a.) Please do not rush, skip, or minimize this critical step.
This list is based upon a "default-RPMs" installation of Itanium (ia64)
RHEL Server 5. Additional RPMs (beyond anything known to Oracle) may be
needed if a "less-than-default-RPMs" installation of Itanium (ia64)
RHEL Server 5 is performed. For more information, please refer to Note 376183.1
, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS"
b.) Other required RPMs (such as libXp-1.0.0-8.ia64.rpm) will already
be present from this "default-RPMs" installation.
5. Oracle Global Customer Support has noticed a recent trend with
install problems that originates from installing too many RPMs. For
example:
a.) installing your
own JDK version (prior to beginning the Oracle Software “runInstaller”)
is not needed on Linux, and is not recommended on Linux. A pre-existing
JDK often interferes with the correct JDK that the Linux Oracle Software
“runInstaller” will place and use.
b.) installing more than the required version of the gcc / g++ RPMs
often leads to accidentally using (aka enabling or activating) the
incorrect one. If you have multiple RDBMS versions installed on the same
Linux machine, then you will likely have to manage multiple versions of
gcc /g++ . For more information, please see Note 444084.1
, "Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux"
6. All of the RPMs in div II. are on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Itanium (ia64) distribution media.
7. Command syntax to differentiate between installed
i686 RPMs and installed ia64 RPMs is presented in the "Additional Notes"
div below.
Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on zLinux (s390x)
II. Software:
=========
A. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 (Update 2 or newer) is required, which is Kernel 2.6.18-92.el5 or newer.
1. This NOTE is based upon x86_64 RHEL Server 5 "update 2". When a
newer "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as
2.6.18-92) may be slightly higher (such as 2.6.18-97). This is fine so
long as you are still using RHEL Server 5 RPMs.
B. Required OS Components (per Release Notes, and Quick Install Guide)
1. intentionally blank
C. Additional Required OS Components (per this NOTE)
1. Please do not rush, skip, or minimize this critical step.
This list is based upon a "default-RPMs" installation of RHEL
Server 5. Additional RPMs (beyond anything known to Oracle) may be
needed if a "less-than-default-RPMs" installation of RHEL Server 5
is performed. For more information, please refer to Note 376183.1
, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS"
2.
glibc-devel-2.5-24.s390.rpm
3. libaio-0.3.106-3.2.s390x.rpm
4. sysstat-7.0.2-1.el5.s390x.rpm
5. java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-src-1.4.2.0-40jpp.115.s390x.rpm
6. compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.s390x.rpm
7. compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.s390x.rpm
8. compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.s390x.rpm
9. compat-libstdc++-295-2.95.3-85.s390x.rpm
D. Optional X Software Components (per this NOTE)
1. mesa-libGLU-devel-6.5.1-7.5.el5.s390x.rpm
2. mesa-lib-GLw-devel-6.5.1-7.5.el5.s390x.rpm
3. openmotif-devel-2.3.0-0.5.el5.s390x.rpm
E. Oracle Global Customer Support has
noticed a recent trend with install problems that originates from
installing too many RPMs. For example:
1.
installing your own JDK version (prior to beginning the Oracle Software
“runInstaller”) is not needed on Linux, and is not recommended on
Linux. A pre-existing JDK often interferes with the correct JDK that the
Linux Oracle Software “runInstaller” will place and use.
2.
installing more than the required version of the gcc / g++ RPMs often
leads to accidentally using (aka enabling or activating) the incorrect
one. If you have multiple RDBMS versions installed on the same Linux
machine, then you will likely have to manage multiple versions of gcc
/g++ . For more information, please see Note 444084.1
, "Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux"
F. The s390x (64-bit) packages are on the RHEL 5 zLinux
distribution media. The s390 (31-bit) packages are also on the RHEL 5
zLinux distribution media.
G.
Command syntax to differentiate between installed s390 (31-bit) RPMs
and installed s390x (64-bit) RPMs is presented in the "Additional Notes"
div below.
H. Note: s390
(31-bit) packages might require the --force option during installation
if the 64-bit version of the same package is already installed. For
example, "rpm -ivh --force glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.s390.rpm" may be
required.
以下的安装需求请见各自的metalink文章：
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR1 32bit RDBMS on RHEL 5 & OEL 5
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR1 RDBMS on RHEL 5 on AMD64_EM64T
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on 32-bit x86
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on AMD64_EM64T
Requirements For Installing Oracle10gR2 On RHEL 5_OEL 5 (x86_64)
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