在这里，我们将给大家分享关于WaterBuying的知识，同时也会涉及到如何更有效地009-springcloudgateway-过滤器GatewayFilter、GlobalFilter、Gatew

在这里，我们将给大家分享关于Water Buying的知识，同时也会涉及到如何更有效地009-spring cloud gateway-过滤器GatewayFilter、GlobalFilter、GatewayFilterChain、作用、生命周期、GatewayFilterFa...、accurately Buy Diesel watches how you can suitably、air jordan 1 retro attached into it. Buying、Buy Diesel watches you also can look at out there的内容。

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Water Buying

4
10 1 3
7 3 2
1 1000 1
1000000000000 42 88
Output

10
9
1000
42000000000000

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<cstdio>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 #define ll long long 
 5 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
 6 {
 7     int n;
 8     cin>>n;
 9     ll k,a,b;
10     for( int i=0; i<n; i++ ){
11         cin>>k>>a>>b;
12         if(a*2<=b) cout<<k*a<<endl;
13         else{
14             if(k%2==0) cout<<k/2*b<<endl;
15             else cout<<k/2*b+a<<endl;
16         }
17     }
18     return 0;
19 }

009-spring cloud gateway-过滤器GatewayFilter、GlobalFilter、GatewayFilterChain、作用、生命周期、GatewayFilterFa...

一、概述

　　在Spring-Cloud-Gateway之请求处理流程中最终网关是将请求交给过滤器链表进行处理。

　　核心接口：GatewayFilter，GlobalFilter，GatewayFilterChain。

查看整体类图

二、网关过滤器作用

　　当使用微服务构建整个 API 服务时，一般有许多不同的应用在运行，如上图所示的mst-user-service、mst-good-service和mst-order-service，这些服务都需要对客户端的请求的进行 Authentication。最简单粗暴的方法就是像上图一样，为每个微服务应用都实现一套用于校验的过滤器或拦截器。

　　通过前置的网关服务来完成这些非业务性质的校验。

三、Filter 的生命周期

　　Spring Cloud Gateway 的 Filter 的生命周期有两个：“pre” 和 “post”。

　　“pre”和 “post” 分别会在请求被执行前调用和被执行后调用，和 Zuul Filter 或 Spring Interceptor 中相关生命周期类似，但在形式上有些不一样。

　　Zuul 的 Filter 是通过filterType()方法来指定，一个 Filter 只能对应一种类型，要么是 “pre” 要么是“post”。Spring Interceptor 是通过重写HandlerInterceptor中的三个方法来实现的。而 Spring Cloud Gateway 基于 Project Reactor 和 WebFlux，采用响应式编程风格，打开它的 Filter 的接口GatewayFilter你会发现它只有一个方法filter。

四、核心接口解读

4.1、GatewayFilterChain--网关过滤链表

/**
 * 网关过滤链表接口
 * 用于过滤器的链式调用
 */
public interface GatewayFilterChain {

    /**
     *  链表启动调用入口方法*/
    Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange);

}

默认实现

　　/**
     * 网关过滤的链表，用于过滤器的链式调用
     * 过滤器链表接口的默认实现，
     * 包含2个构建函数：
     *  1.集合参数构建用于初始化吧构建链表
     *  2. index，parent参数用于构建当前执行过滤对应的下次执行的链表 
     */
    private static class DefaultGatewayFilterChain implements GatewayFilterChain {

        /**
         * 当前过滤执行过滤器在集合中索引
         */
        private final int index;
        /**
         * 过滤器集合
         */
        private final List<GatewayFilter> filters;

        public DefaultGatewayFilterChain(List<GatewayFilter> filters) {
            this.filters = filters;
            this.index = 0;
        }

        /**
         * 构建
         * @param parent 上一个执行过滤器对应的FilterChain
         * @param index  当前要执行过滤器的索引
         */
        private DefaultGatewayFilterChain(DefaultGatewayFilterChain parent, int index) {
            this.filters = parent.getFilters();
            this.index = index;
        }

        public List<GatewayFilter> getFilters() {
            return filters;
        }

        /**
         * @param exchange the current server exchange
         * @return
         */
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
            return Mono.defer(() -> {
                if (this.index < filters.size()) {
                    //获取当前索引的过滤器
                    GatewayFilter filter = filters.get(this.index);
                    //构建当前索引的下一个过滤器的FilterChain
                    DefaultGatewayFilterChain chain = new DefaultGatewayFilterChain(this, this.index + 1);
                    //调用过滤器的filter方法执行过滤器
                    return filter.filter(exchange, chain);
                } else {
                    //当前索引大于等于过滤集合大小，标识所有链表都已执行完毕，返回空
                    return Mono.empty(); // complete
                }
            });
        }
    }

/**
 * 网关路由过滤器，
 * Contract for interception-style, chained processing of Web requests that may
 * be used to implement cross-cutting, application-agnostic requirements such
 * as security, timeouts, and others. Specific to a Gateway
 *
 */
public interface GatewayFilter extends ShortcutConfigurable {

    String NAME_KEY = "name";
    String VALUE_KEY = "value";

    /**
     *  过滤器执行方法
     * Process the Web request and (optionally) delegate to the next
     * {@code WebFilter} through the given {@link GatewayFilterChain}.
     * @param exchange the current server exchange
     * @param chain provides a way to delegate to the next filter
     * @return {@code Mono<Void>} to indicate when request processing is complete
     */
    Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain);

}

/**
 * 排序的网关路由过滤器，用于包装真实的网关过滤器，已达到过滤器可排序
 */
public class OrderedGatewayFilter implements GatewayFilter, Ordered {

    //目标过滤器
    private final GatewayFilter delegate;
    //排序字段
    private final int order;

    public OrderedGatewayFilter(GatewayFilter delegate, int order) {
        this.delegate = delegate;
        this.order = order;
    }

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        return this.delegate.filter(exchange, chain);
    }
}

　　/**
     * 全局过滤器的包装类，将全局路由包装成统一的网关过滤器
     */
    private static class GatewayFilterAdapter implements GatewayFilter {

        /**
         * 全局过滤器
         */
        private final GlobalFilter delegate;

        public GatewayFilterAdapter(GlobalFilter delegate) {
            this.delegate = delegate;
        }

        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
            return this.delegate.filter(exchange, chain);
        }
    }

1️⃣、初始化加载，通过GatewayAutoConfiguration自动创建

//GatewayAutoConfiguration 类
        /**
         * 全局过滤器，用户通过HttpClient转发请求
         */
        @Bean
        public NettyRoutingFilter routingFilter(HttpClient httpClient,
                                                ObjectProvider<List<HttpHeadersFilter>> headersFilters) {
            return new NettyRoutingFilter(httpClient, headersFilters);
        }

        /**
         * 全局的过滤器，用户将HttpClient客户端转发请求的响应写入到原始的请求响应中
         */
        @Bean
        public NettyWriteResponseFilter nettyWriteResponseFilter(GatewayProperties properties) {
            return new NettyWriteResponseFilter(properties.getStreamingMediaTypes());
        }
        
//GatewayLoadBalancerClientAutoConfiguration 类
    /**
     * 全局过滤器，用于在通过负载均衡客户端选择服务实例信息
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(LoadBalancerClient.class)
    public LoadBalancerClientFilter loadBalancerClientFilter(LoadBalancerClient client) {
        return new LoadBalancerClientFilter(client);
    }

2️⃣、GlobalFilter转换成GatewayFilter，并作用于每个路由上，在FilteringWebHandler实现

//FilteringWebHandler类
    /**
     * 包装加载全局的过滤器，将全局过滤器包装成GatewayFilter
     */
    private static List<GatewayFilter> loadFilters(List<GlobalFilter> filters) {
        return filters.stream()
                .map(filter -> {
                    //将所有的全局过滤器包装成网关过滤器
                    GatewayFilterAdapter gatewayFilter = new GatewayFilterAdapter(filter);
                    //判断全局过滤器是否实现了可排序接口
                    if (filter instanceof Ordered) {
                        int order = ((Ordered) filter).getOrder();
                        //包装成可排序的网关过滤器
                        return new OrderedGatewayFilter(gatewayFilter, order);
                    }
                    return gatewayFilter;
                }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        //获取请求上下文设置的路由实例
        Route route = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
        //获取路由定义下的网关过滤器集合
        List<GatewayFilter> gatewayFilters = route.getFilters();

        //组合全局的过滤器与路由配置的过滤器
        List<GatewayFilter> combined = new ArrayList<>(this.globalFilters);
        //添加路由配置过滤器到集合尾部
        combined.addAll(gatewayFilters);
        //对过滤器进行排序
        //TODO: needed or cached?
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(combined);

        logger.debug("Sorted gatewayFilterFactories: "+ combined);
        //创建过滤器链表对其进行链式调用
        return new DefaultGatewayFilterChain(combined).filter(exchange);
    }

Spring-Cloud-Gateway的过滤器接口分为两种：

1. GlobalFilter : 全局过滤器，不需要在配置文件中配置，作用在所有的路由上，最终通过GatewayFilterAdapter包装成GatewayFilterChain可识别的过滤器
2. GatewayFilter : 需要通过spring.cloud.routes.filters 配置在具体路由下，只作用在当前路由上或通过spring.cloud.default-filters配置在全局，作用在所有路由上

五、GatewayFilterFactory 配置路由过滤器

　　路由过滤器允许以某种方式修改传入的HTTP请求或传出的HTTP响应。路径过滤器的范围限定为特定路径。 

1️⃣、加载GatewayFilter

　　在路由定位器中以及看到了通过路由定义转换路由方法，其中包含了通过过滤器定义(FilterDefinition)转换过滤器(GatewayFilter)的部分,在RouteDefinitionRouteLocator类中源码如下：

/**
     * 加载过滤器，根据过滤器的定义加载
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private List<GatewayFilter> loadGatewayFilters(String id, List<FilterDefinition> filterDefinitions) {
        //遍历过滤器定义，将过滤器定义转换成对应的过滤器
        List<GatewayFilter> filters = filterDefinitions.stream()
                .map(definition -> {
                    //通过过滤器定义名称获取过滤器创建工厂
                    GatewayFilterFactory factory = this.gatewayFilterFactories.get(definition.getName());
                    if (factory == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to find GatewayFilterFactory with name " + definition.getName());
                    }
                    //获取参数
                    Map<String, String> args = definition.getArgs();
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("RouteDefinition " + id + " applying filter " + args + " to " + definition.getName());
                    }

                    //根据args组装配置信息
                    Map<String, Object> properties = factory.shortcutType().normalize(args, factory, this.parser, this.beanFactory);
                    //构建过滤器创建配置信息
                    Object configuration = factory.newConfig();
                    ConfigurationUtils.bind(configuration, properties,
                            factory.shortcutFieldPrefix(), definition.getName(), validator);

                    //通过过滤器工厂创建GatewayFilter
                    GatewayFilter gatewayFilter = factory.apply(configuration);
                    if (this.publisher != null) {
                        //发布事件
                        this.publisher.publishEvent(new FilterArgsEvent(this, id, properties));
                    }
                    return gatewayFilter;
                })
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        ArrayList<GatewayFilter> ordered = new ArrayList<>(filters.size());
        //包装过滤器使其所有过滤器继承Ordered属性，可进行排序
        for (int i = 0; i < filters.size(); i++) {
            GatewayFilter gatewayFilter = filters.get(i);
            if (gatewayFilter instanceof Ordered) {
                ordered.add(gatewayFilter);
            }
            else {
                ordered.add(new OrderedGatewayFilter(gatewayFilter, i + 1));
            }
        }

        return ordered;
    }

    /**
     * 获取RouteDefinition中的过滤器集合
     */
    private List<GatewayFilter> getFilters(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {
        List<GatewayFilter> filters = new ArrayList<>();

        //校验gatewayProperties是否含义默认的过滤器集合
        //TODO: support option to apply defaults after route specific filters?
        if (!this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters().isEmpty()) {
            //加载全局配置的默认过滤器集合
            filters.addAll(loadGatewayFilters("defaultFilters",
                    this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters()));
        }

        if (!routeDefinition.getFilters().isEmpty()) {
            //加载路由定义中的过滤器集合
            filters.addAll(loadGatewayFilters(routeDefinition.getId(), routeDefinition.getFilters()));
        }

        //排序
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(filters);
        return filters;
    }

• getFilters方法 合并配置中的全局过滤器与路由自身配置的过滤器，并对其排序（全局配置过滤器信息通过gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters()获取）
• loadGatewayFilters 依次遍历路由定义下的FilterDefinition并将其通过对应的GatewayFilterFactory转换为GatewayFilter对象。

2️⃣、GatewayFilterFactory配置过滤器创建工厂创建GatewayFilter对象

　　默认内置很多GatewayFilterFactory实现类，用于创建作用不同的网关过滤器。

类图

　　

子类及其划分

3️⃣、AddResponseHeaderGatewayFilterFactory 创建解析

/**
 *
 * 响应header添加数据过滤器
 * 用户在response header中添加配置数据
 */
public class AddResponseHeaderGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractNameValueGatewayFilterFactory {

    @Override
    public GatewayFilter apply(NameValueConfig config) {
        return (exchange, chain) -> {
            //获取Response并将配置的数据添加到header中
            exchange.getResponse().getHeaders().add(config.getName(), config.getValue());

            return chain.filter(exchange);
        };
    }
}。

配置示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      default-filters:
      - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar

• AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar 会被解析成FilterDefinition对象 （name =AddResponseHeader ，args= [X-Response-Default-Foo,Default-Bar]）
• 通FilterDefinition的Name找到AddResponseHeaderGatewayFilterFactory工厂
• 通过FilterDefinition 的args 创建Config对象（name=X-Response-Default-Foo,value=Default-Bar）
• 通过 AddResponseHeaderGatewayFilterFactory工厂的apply方法传入config创建GatewayFilter对象。

4️⃣、全部配置

5.1、请求头

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_header_route
        uri: http://example.org
        filters:
        - AddRequestHeader=X-Request-Foo, Bar

名称和值，这将为所有匹配请求的下游请求标头添加X-Request-Foo：Bar标头。

移除请求头

        filters:
        - RemoveRequestHeader=X-Request-Foo

5.2、请求参数

        filters:
        - AddRequestParameter=foo, bar

这会将foo = bar添加到下游请求的所有匹配请求的查询字符串中。

5.3、添加响应头

        filters:
        - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Foo, Bar

这会将X-Response-Foo：Bar标头添加到所有匹配请求的下游响应标头中。

移除响应头

        filters:
        - RemoveResponseHeader=X-Response-Foo

设置响应头

        filters:
        - SetResponseHeader=X-Response-Foo, Bar

此GatewayFilter将替换具有给定名称的所有标头，而不是添加。

5.4、路径前缀

        filters:
        - PrefixPath=/mypath

这将使/ mypath前缀为所有匹配请求的路径。所以对/ hello的请求会被发送到/ mypath / hello。

5.5、原始主机头

没有参数，此过滤器设置路由过滤器将检查的请求属性，以确定是否应发送原始主机头，而不是http客户端确定的主机头。

        filters:
        - PreserveHostHeader

5.6、重定向

        filters:
        - RedirectTo=302, http://acme.org

这将发送带有Location：http：//acme.org标头的状态302以执行重定向。

5.7、重写路径

        predicates:
        - Path=/foo/**
        filters:
        - RewritePath=/foo/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}

对于/ foo / bar的请求路径，这将在发出下游请求之前将路径设置为/ bar。注意由于YAML规范，$ \替换为$。

5.8、保存Session

        predicates:
        - Path=/foo/**
        filters:
        - SaveSession

5.9、路径模板

SetPath GatewayFilter Factory采用路径模板参数。它提供了一种通过允许模板化路径段来操作请求路径的简单方法。

        predicates:
        - Path=/foo/{segment}
        filters:
        - SetPath=/{segment}

对于/ foo / bar的请求路径，这将在发出下游请求之前将路径设置为/ bar。

5.10、设置响应状态

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: setstatusstring_route
        uri: http://example.org
        filters:
        - SetStatus=BAD_REQUEST
      - id: setstatusint_route uri: http://example.org  filters: - SetStatus=401

5.11、请求参数剥离

parts参数指示在将请求发送到下游之前从请求中剥离的路径中的部分数。

        predicates:
        - Path=/name/**
        filters:
        - StripPrefix=2

当通过网关向/ name / bar / foo发出请求时，对nameservice的请求将类似于http：// nameservice / foo。

5.12、重试

retries：重试:应该尝试的重试次数

statuses：状态:应该重试的HTTP状态代码，使用org.springframework.http.HttpStatus表示

methods：方法:应该重试的HTTP方法，使用org.springframework.http.HttpMethod表示

series：系列:要重试的状态代码系列，使用org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.Series表示

      routes:
      - id: retry_test
        uri: http://localhost:8080/flakey
        predicates:
        - Host=*.retry.com
        filters:
        - name: Retry args: retries: 3 statuses: BAD_GATEWAY

5.13、Hystrix GatewayFilter Factory

https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley.SR1/single/spring-cloud.html#_hystrix_gatewayfilter_factory

5.14、请求限速 

　　RequestRateLimiter GatewayFilter Factory

5.15、安全头

　　SecureHeaders GatewayFilter Factory

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