import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

"""
    ElementTree.write()       将构建的XML文档写入（更新）文件。
    Element.set(key, value)   添加和修改属性
    Element.text = ''''         直接改变字段内容
    Element.remove(Element)   删除Element节点
    Element.append(Element)   为当前的Elment对象添加子对象
    ET.SubElement(Element,tag)创建子节点 
"""

#  增加自动缩进换行
def indent(elem, level=0):
    i = "\n" + level*"  "
    if len(elem):
        if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
            elem.text = i + "  "
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
        for elem in elem:
            indent(elem, level+1)
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
    else:
        if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
            elem.tail = i
            

#------------新增XML----------

#创建根节点
a = ET.Element("student")
#创建子节点，并添加属性
b = ET.SubElement(a,"name")
b.attrib = {"NO.":"001"}
#添加数据
b.text = "张三"
#创建elementtree对象，写文件
indent(a,0)
tree = ET.ElementTree(a)
tree.write("writeXml.xml",encoding="utf-8")

#----------编辑XML--------
# 读取待修改文件
updateTree = ET.parse("writeXml.xml")
root = updateTree.getroot()

# --新增--

# 创建新节点并添加为root的子节点
newnode = ET.Element("name")
newnode.attrib = {"NO.":"003"}
newnode.text = "张三水"
root.append(newnode)

#---修改---

sub1 = root.findall("name")[2]
# --修改节点的属性
sub1.set("NO.","100")
# --修改节点内文本
sub1.text="陈真"

#----删除---

#--删除标签内文本
sub1.text = ""
#--删除标签的属性
del sub1.attrib["NO."]
#--删除一个节点
root.remove(sub1)


# 写回原文件
indent(root,0)
updateTree.write("writeXml.xml",encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

def change_node_properties(nodelist, kv_map, is_delete=False):
    ''''''修改/增加 /删除 节点的属性及属性值
       nodelist: 节点列表
       kv_map:属性及属性值map''''''
    for node in nodelist:
        for key in kv_map:
            if is_delete:
                if key in node.attrib:
                    del node.attrib[key]
            else:
                node.set(key, kv_map.get(key))

def change_node_text(nodelist, text, is_add=False, is_delete=False):
    ''''''改变/增加/删除一个节点的文本内容
       nodelist:节点列表
       text : 更新后的文本''''''
    for node in nodelist:
        if is_add:
            node.text += text
        elif is_delete:
            node.text = ""
        else:
            node.text = text

def create_childnode(node,tag, property_map, content):
    ''''''新造一个子节点
       node:节点
       tag:子节点标签
       property_map:属性及属性值map
       content: 节点闭合标签里的文本内容
     ''''''
    element = ET.Element(tag, property_map)
    element.text = content
    node.append(element)

def del_node_by_tagkeyvalue(node, tag, kv_map):
    ''''''通过属性及属性值定位一个节点，并删除之
       node: 父节点
       tag:子节点标签
       kv_map: 属性及属性值列表''''''
    for child in node:
        if child.tag == tag and child.attrib==kv_map:
            node.remove(child)

<students> 
  <student name='刘备' sex='男' age='35'/> 
  <student name='吕布' sex='男' age='38'/> 
  <student name='貂蝉' sex='女' age='22'/> 
</students> 

#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-  
# 从文件中读取数据 
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET 
 
#全局唯一标识 
unique_id = 1 
 
#遍历所有的节点 
def walkData(root_node,level,result_list): 
  global unique_id 
  temp_list =[unique_id,root_node.tag,root_node.attrib] 
  result_list.append(temp_list) 
  unique_id += 1 
   
  #遍历每个子节点 
  children_node = root_node.getchildren() 
  if len(children_node) == 0: 
    return 
  for child in children_node: 
    walkData(child,level + 1,result_list) 
  return 
 
#获得原始数据 
#out: 
#[ 
#  #ID,Level,Attr Map 
#  [1,1,{'ID':1,'Name':'test1'}],#  [2,'Name':'test2'}],#] 
def getXmlData(file_name): 
  level = 1 #节点的深度从1开始 
  result_list = [] 
  root = ET.parse(file_name).getroot() 
  walkData(root,result_list) 
 
  return result_list 
 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
  file_name = 'test.xml' 
  R = getXmlData(file_name) 
  for x in R: 
    print x 
  pass 

[1,'students',{}] 
[2,2,'student',{'age': '35','name': u'\u5218\u5907','sex': u'\u7537'}] 
[3,{'age': '38','name': u'\u5415\u5e03','sex': u'\u7537'}] 
[4,{'age': '22','name': u'\u8c82\u8749','sex': u'\u5973'}] 

try:
  import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
  import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<doc>
  <branch name="codingpy.com" hash="1cdf045c">
    text,source
  </branch>
  <branch name="release01" hash="f200013e">
    <sub-branch name="subrelease01">
      xml,sgml
    </sub-branch>
  </branch>
  <branch name="invalid">
  </branch>
</doc>

>>> import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(file=''doc1.xml'')

>>> tree.getroot()

<Element ''doc'' at 0x11eb780>

>>> root = tree.getroot()

>>> root.tag, root.attrib

(''doc'', {})

>>> for child_of_root in root:
...  print child_of_root.tag, child_of_root.attrib
...
branch {''hash'': ''1cdf045c'', ''name'': ''codingpy.com''}
branch {''hash'': ''f200013e'', ''name'': ''release01''}
branch {''name'': ''invalid''}

>>> root[0].tag, root[0].text
(''branch'', ''\n    text,source\n  '')

>>> for elem in tree.iter():
...  print elem.tag, elem.attrib
...
doc {}
branch {''hash'': ''1cdf045c'', ''name'': ''codingpy.com''}
branch {''hash'': ''f200013e'', ''name'': ''release01''}
sub-branch {''name'': ''subrelease01''}
branch {''name'': ''invalid''}

>>> for elem in tree.iter(tag=''branch''):
...  print elem.tag, elem.attrib
...
branch {''hash'': ''1cdf045c'', ''name'': ''codingpy.com''}
branch {''hash'': ''f200013e'', ''name'': ''release01''}
branch {''name'': ''invalid''}

>>> for elem in tree.iterfind(''branch/sub-branch''):
...  print elem.tag, elem.attrib
...
sub-branch {''name'': ''subrelease01''}

>>> for elem in tree.iterfind(''branch[@name="release01"]''):
...  print elem.tag, elem.attrib
...
branch {''hash'': ''f200013e'', ''name'': ''release01''}

>>> root = tree.getroot()
>>> del root[2]
>>> root[0].set(''foo'', ''bar'')
>>> for subelem in root:
...  print subelem.tag, subelem.attrib
...
branch {''foo'': ''bar'', ''hash'': ''1cdf045c'', ''name'': ''codingpy.com''}
branch {''hash'': ''f200013e'', ''name'': ''release01''}

>>> import sys
>>> tree.write(sys.stdout)
<doc>
  <branch foo="bar" hash="1cdf045c" name="codingpy.com">
    text,source
  </branch>
  <branch hash="f200013e" name="release01">
    <sub-branch name="subrelease01">
      xml,sgml
    </sub-branch>
  </branch>
  </doc>

>>> a = ET.Element(''elem'')
>>> c = ET.SubElement(a, ''child1'')
>>> c.text = "some text"
>>> d = ET.SubElement(a, ''child2'')
>>> b = ET.Element(''elem_b'')
>>> root = ET.Element(''root'')
>>> root.extend((a, b))
>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
>>> tree.write(sys.stdout)
<root><elem><child1>some text</child1><child2 /></elem><elem_b /></root>