对于InstallingResinusingthe.debpackageonUbuntuandDebian感兴趣的读者，本文将会是一篇不错的选择，并为您提供关于2.2InstallingMySQLon

对于Installing Resin using the .deb package on Ubuntu and Debian感兴趣的读者，本文将会是一篇不错的选择，并为您提供关于2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries、CentOS7 使用 Alien 将 RPM 从 DE 转换为 DEB 和 DEB 转换为 RPM 包、Debian 8 升级到 9 Debian 9 How to upgrade Debian 8 Jessie to Debian 9 Stretch、Debian 9 / Debian 10 / Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 18.10 快速开启 BBR 加速 或 关闭 BBR 加速的有用信息。

• Installing Resin using the .deb package on Ubuntu and Debian
• 2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
• CentOS7 使用 Alien 将 RPM 从 DE 转换为 DEB 和 DEB 转换为 RPM 包
• Debian 8 升级到 9 Debian 9 How to upgrade Debian 8 Jessie to Debian 9 Stretch
• Debian 9 / Debian 10 / Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 18.10 快速开启 BBR 加速 或 关闭 BBR 加速

Installing Resin using the .deb package on Ubuntu and Debian

Installing Resin using the .deb package on Ubuntu and Debian

We provide a Debian packaged version of Resin that Debian and Ubuntu users can take advantage of. It performs all of the installation steps above for you and creates all the recommended server and content directories. Simply download from the Resin download page and install using dpkg.

Alternatively, you can add Caucho''s Debian repository to your system''s repositories to use automated update tools like Synaptic and apt-get. To do this, add the following line to your /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://caucho.com/download/debian unstable multiverse

After adding this line, update your local repository cache by running:

apt-get update

Finally, install Resin Professional using the following:

apt-get install resin-pro

If you have a license file for Resin, save it in /usr/local/resin/licenses

Or install Resin Open Source with this command:

apt-get install resin

2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries

Oracle provides a set of binary distributions of MySQL. These include generic binary distributions in the form of compressed tar files (files with a .tar.gz extension) for a number of platforms, and binaries in platform-specific package formats for selected platforms.

This section covers the installation of MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution on Unix/Linux platforms. For other platform-specific binary package formats, see the other platform-specific sections in this manual. For example, for Windows distributions, see Section 2.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows”. See Section 2.1.2, “How to Get MySQL” on how to obtain MySQL in different distribution formats.

MySQL compressed tar file binary distributions have names of the form mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example, 5.7.28), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686 or winx64).

Or, on APT-based systems:

shell> apt-cache search libaio # search for info
shell> apt-get install libaio1 # install library

To install a compressed tar file binary distribution, unpack it at the installation location you choose (typically /usr/local/mysql). This creates the directories shown in the following table.

Debug versions of the mysqld binary are available as mysqld-debug. To compile your own debug version of MySQL from a source distribution, use the appropriate configuration options to enable debugging support. See Section 2.9, “Installing MySQL from Source”.

To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the command sequence looks like this:

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup              
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

The mysql-files directory provides a convenient location to use as the value for the secure_file_priv system variable, which limits import and export operations to a specific directory. See Section 5.1.7, “Server System Variables”.

A more detailed version of the preceding description for installing a binary distribution follows.

Create a mysql User and Group

If your system does not already have a user and group to use for running mysqld, you may need to create them. The following commands add the mysql group and the mysql user. You might want to call the user and group something else instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in the following instructions. The syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on different versions of Unix/Linux, or they may have different names such as adduser and addgroup.

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

Obtain and Unpack the Distribution

Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the distribution and change location into it. The example here unpacks the distribution under /usr/local. The instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory is protected, you must perform the installation as root.

shell> cd /usr/local

Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in Section 2.1.2, “How to Get MySQL”. For a given release, binary distributions for all platforms are built from the same MySQL source distribution.

Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation directory. tar can uncompress and unpack the distribution if it has z option support:

shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz

The tar command creates a directory named mysql-VERSION-OS.

To install MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution, your system must have GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution and a reasonable tar to unpack it. If your tar program supports the z option, it can both uncompress and unpack the file.

GNU tar is known to work. The standard tar provided with some operating systems is not able to unpack the long file names in the MySQL distribution. You should download and install GNU tar, or if available, use a preinstalled version of GNU tar. Usually this is available as gnutar, gtar, or as tar within a GNU or Free Software directory, such as /usr/sfw/bin or /usr/local/bin. GNU tar is available from http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/.

If your tar does not have z option support, use gunzip to unpack the distribution and tar to unpack it. Replace the preceding tar command with the following alternative command to uncompress and extract the distribution:

shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -

Next, create a symbolic link to the installation directory created by tar:

shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

The ln command makes a symbolic link to the installation directory. This enables you to refer more easily to it as /usr/local/mysql. To avoid having to type the path name of client programs always when you are working with MySQL, you can add the /usr/local/mysql/bin directory to your PATH variable:

shell> export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

Perform Postinstallation Setup

The remainder of the installation process involves setting distribution ownership and access permissions, initializing the data directory, starting the MySQL server, and setting up the configuration file. For instructions, see Section 2.10, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”.

CentOS7 使用 Alien 将 RPM 从 DE 转换为 DEB 和 DEB 转换为 RPM 包

我相信您已经知道，有很多方法可以在 Linux 中安装软件：使用您的发行版提供的软件包管理系统（aptitude，yum 或 zypper，举几个例子），从源代码编译（尽管有些这些天很少见，它是 Linux 早期唯一可用的方法，或者分别使用 dpkg 或 rpm 等低级工具和.deb 和.rpm 独立的预编译软件包。     

                                     使用 Alien 将 RPM 转换为 DEB 和 DEB 转换为 RPM 包

在本文中，我们将向您介绍 alien，一种在不同 Linux 包格式之间进行转换的工具，使用.rpm 到.deb（反之亦然）是最常用的用法。

这个工具，即使它的作者不再维护它并在他的网站上说外星人总是可能保持实验状态，如果你需要某种类型的包但只能找到另一种包装格式的程序，它可以派上用场。

例如，当我为喷墨打印机寻找.deb 驱动程序时，外星人节省了我的一天，但却找不到 - 制造商只提供了一个.rpm 包。我安装了外星人，转换了包装，不久我就可以毫无问题地使用我的打印机了。

也就是说，我们必须澄清这个实用程序不应该用于替换重要的系统文件和库，因为它们在不同的发行版中设置不同。如果本文开头的建议安装方法不能满足所需程序的要求，请仅使用外星人作为最后的手段。

最后但并非最不重要的是，我们必须注意，尽管我们将在本文中使用 CentOS 和 Debian，但除了前两个发行版及其各自的系列之外，外星人也知道在 Slackware 甚至 Solaris 中工作。

第 1 步：安装外来和依赖项

要在 CentOS / RHEL 7 中安装外星人，您需要按顺序启用 EPEL 和 Nux Dextop（是的，它是 Dextop - 而不是桌面）存储库：

#yum install epel-release
#rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro

支持此存储库的最新版软件包目前为0.5（2015年8月10日发布）。您应该先检查http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/以查看是否有更新的版本，然后再继续：

#rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm
然后做，

#yum update && yum install alien

在 Fedora 中，您只需要运行最后一个命令。

在 Debian 和衍生品中，只需：

#aptitude安装外星人

由于制作 rpm 包过程较为麻烦，此处使用 rpmrebuild 去将本机已安装好的 openvswitch 包进行重新打包，用于下次安装部署

# yum install rpmrebuild -y

第 2 步：从.deb 转换为.rpm 包

对于此测试，我们选择了 dateutils，它提供了一组日期和时间实用程序来处理大量的财务数据。我们将.deb 软件包下载到我们的 CentOS 7 盒子，将其转换为.rpm 并安装它：

                                检查 CentOS 版本

#cat / etc / centos-release
#wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/dateutils/dateutils_0.3.1-1.1_amd64.deb
＃alien --to-rpm --scripts dateutils_0.3.1-1.1_amd64.deb

                                           在 Linux 中将.deb 转换为.rpm 包

重要 :(请注意，默认情况下，alien 会增加目标包的版本次要编号。如果要覆盖此行为，请添加 - keep-version 标志）。

如果我们立即尝试安装软件包，我们将遇到一个小问题： 

                                                          安装 RPM 包

要解决此问题，我们将启用 epel-testing 存储库并安装 rpmrebuild 实用程序以编辑要重建的程序包的设置：

      #yum --enablerepo = epel-testing 安装 rpmrebuild

然后跑，

#rpmrebuild -pe dateutils-0.3.1-2.1.x86_64.rpm

这将打开您的默认文本编辑器。转到该%files部分并删除引用错误消息中提到的目录的行，然后保存文件并退出：

                                        将.deb 转换为外星人版

当您退出该文件系统将提示您继续重建。如果你选择 Y.，则文件将重建到指定目录（不同于当前工作目录）：

#rpmrebuild -pe dateutils-0.3.1-2.1.x86_64.rpm

                                                     构建 RPM 包

现在，您可以继续安装软件包并照常验证：

#rpm -Uvh /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/dateutils-0.3.1-2.1.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -qa | grep dateutils
 

                                                       安装 Build RPM Package

最后，您可以列出 dateutils 中包含的各个工具，也可以检查各自的手册页：

#ls -l / usr / bin | grep dateutils

                                                  验证已安装的 RPM 包

第 3 步：从.rpm 转换为.deb 包

在本节中，我们将说明如何将.rpm 转换为.deb。在 32 位 Debian Wheezy 框中，让我们从 CentOS 6 操作系统下载 zsh shell 的.rpm 包存储库。请注意，默认情况下，Debian 和衍生产品中不提供此 shell。

#cat / etc / shells
#lsb_release -a | 尾巴-n 4

                          检查 Shell 和 Debian OS 版本

#wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/zsh-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.i686.rpm
＃alien --to-deb --scripts zsh-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.i686.rpm

您可以放心地忽略有关丢失签名的消息：

                                                     将.rpm 转换为.deb 包

片刻之后，应该生成.deb 文件并准备安装：

#dpkg -i zsh_4.3.11-5_i386.deb

                                                 安装 RPM Converted Deb Package

安装后，您可以验证 zsh 是否已添加到有效 shell 列表中：

#cat / etc / shells

                     确认已安装的 Zsh 包

摘要

在本文中，我们已经解释了如何将.rpm 转换为.deb，反之亦然，以便在这些程序在存储库中不可用或作为可分发的源代码时，作为最后的手段安装软件包。你会想要为这篇文章添加书签，因为我们所有人都会在某个时候需要外星人。

Debian 8 升级到 9 Debian 9 How to upgrade Debian 8 Jessie to Debian 9 Stretch

# aptitude search ''~o''

# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade

# dpkg -C

# apt-mark showhold

# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free

# sed -i ''s/jessie/stretch/g'' /etc/apt/sources.list

# apt-get update

# apt list --upgradable

# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade

# aptitude search ''~o''

Debian 9 / Debian 10 / Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 18.10 快速开启 BBR 加速 或 关闭 BBR 加速

如果使用的是 Debian 9、Debian 10、Ubuntu 18.04、Ubuntu 18.10 等内核高于 4.9 版本的系统，均可以使用此方法开启 BBR 加速，若你使用了 Ubuntu 19.04 的系统无需开启，系统默认就开启了。虽然 BBR 没有锐速那么暴力，但是兼容性和稳定性占优势，推荐大家使用。对与什么是 BBR 我就不详细说明了，这是一款由谷歌推出的 TCP 单边加速的拥塞控制算法。

开启 BBR

1. 修改 sysctl.conf 系统参数

echo "net.core.default_qdisc=fq" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

2. 保存并生效

sysctl -p

得到返回值如下：（最后两行有就可以了）

3. 查看是否已开启 BBR

sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control

若得到返回值带有 bbr 则成功开启，如：

4. 检查 BBR 是否成功启动

lsmod | grep bbr

如返回信息则表示已经成功开启：

如果不确定自己的系统是支持快速开启 bbr 可以查看使用下面的命令查看内核，只要 4.9 及以上版本均可直接开启：

uname -r

关闭 BBR

若想要关闭 bbr 加速也很简单，只需要将第二步的返回内容在 sysctl.conf 内删除或注释掉即可。

1. 修改配置文件

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

进入配置文件，将添加的内容在最后，若找不到往下翻，按 i 键或 Insert 键开启编辑，注释或删除内容后，按 ESC 键退出编辑，键入

:wq

保存并退出。

2. 保存配置

sysctl -p

3. 重启系统生效

reboot

3. 查看是否已关闭 BBR

sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control

今天关于Installing Resin using the .deb package on Ubuntu and Debian的介绍到此结束，谢谢您的阅读，有关2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries、CentOS7 使用 Alien 将 RPM 从 DE 转换为 DEB 和 DEB 转换为 RPM 包、Debian 8 升级到 9 Debian 9 How to upgrade Debian 8 Jessie to Debian 9 Stretch、Debian 9 / Debian 10 / Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 18.10 快速开启 BBR 加速 或 关闭 BBR 加速等更多相关知识的信息可以在本站进行查询。