<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE group SYstem "../../tools/rbuild/project.dtd">

<group xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

<directory name="bootsect">

<xi:include href="bootsect/bootsect.rbuild" />

</directory>

<directory name="freeldr">

<xi:include href="freeldr/freeldr_startup.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/freeldr_base64k.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/freeldr_base.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/freeldr_arch.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/freeldr_main.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/setupldr_main.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/freeldr.rbuild" />

<xi:include href="freeldr/setupldr.rbuild" />

</directory>

<directory name="fdebug">

<xi:include href="fdebug/fdebug.rbuild" />

</directory>

</group>

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE module SYstem "../../../tools/rbuild/project.dtd">

<module name="freeldr_startup" type="objectlibrary">

<include base="freeldr_startup">include</include>

<include base="ntoskrnl">include</include>

<compilerflag>-fno-inline</compilerflag>

<compilerflag>-fno-zero-initialized-in-bss</compilerflag>

<directory name="arch">

<if property="ARCH" value="i386">

<directory name="i386">

<file first="true">fathelp.asm</file>

<file>arch.S</file>

</directory>

</if>

<if property="ARCH" value="amd64">

<directory name="amd64">

<file first="true">fathelp.S</file>

<file>arch.S</file>

</directory>

</if>

</directory>

</module>

; This code will be stored in the first 512 bytes

; of freeldr.sys. The first 3 bytes will be a jmp

; instruction to skip past the FAT helper code

; that is stored in the rest of the 512 bytes.

;

; This code is loaded at 0000:8000 so we have to

; encode a jmp instruction to jump to 0000:8200

global _mainCRTStartup ; For Mingw32 builds where the linker looks for this symbol

_mainCRTStartup:

global start

start:

db 0xe9

db 0xfd

db 0x01

….以下省略

.text

.code16

/*支持C语言的注释和宏定义还有include哈,不错不错找个时间好好看下这个汇编*/

#define ASM

#include <arch.h>

#include <multiboot.h>

/*入口点*/

EXTERN(RealEntryPoint)

/*关中断*/

cli

/*寄存器初始化*/

xorw %ax,%ax

movw %ax,%ds

movw %ax,%es

movw %ax,%fs

movw %ax,%gs

movw %ax,%ss

/* Setup a stack */

movw stack16,%sp

sti

/* 进入保护模式,这是个重点,走,一起去看这个函数的具体实现过程*/

call switch_to_prot

/*现在我们在保护模式下*/

.code32

/* 设置全局变量以后在freeldr.sys的其他地方会用着,先记着 */

xorl %eax,%eax

movl %eax,(_BootDrive)

movl %eax,(_BootPartition)

/* Store the boot drive */

movb %dl,(_BootDrive)

/* Store the boot partition */

movb %dh,(_BootPartition)

/* GO! */

/* 这里知道这个_BootMain是什么函数吗?是freeldr.sys的一个用C写的函数在

*D:/ReactOS/ReactOS_src/boot/freeldr/freeldr/freeldr.c里

*,这也说明我们的汇编要over了

* 还有呀大家知道函数调用时一个字都不能错,但是但freeldr.c里定义的是BootMain,这里怎么多了个”_”(下横杠)呀,

* 不会出错?原来这是使用C语言的__cdecl调用方式,MSDN中说” Underscore character (_) is prefixed to names”

* 就是说在编译的时候会用”_”来修改函数名称,所以这里用了_BootMain…切记,其他方式大家查MSDN吧

pushl %eax

call _BootMain

/* 再次转换到实模式*/

call switch_to_real

.code16

/* int 0x19是干嘛用的呀*/

/* INT19H是怎么处理启动的？
INT19会将MBR的512字节装载到内存0x7c00中，然后JUMP到0x7c00处，开始执行MBR的可执行程序（masterbooter），Masterbooter最起码需要做这些事情：
*/

int $0x19

/* We should never get here */

stop:

jmp stop

nop

nop

/*

* Switches the processor to protected mode

* 转换处理器到保护模式

* it destroys eax

* 这里注意下,会改变eax中的内容

*/

EXTERN(switch_to_prot)

.code16

cli /* None of these */

/* We don't kNow what values are currently */

/*我不并不知道下面这些寄存器现在的值是多少*/

/* in the segment registers. So we are */

/* 所以现在我们重新加载这些值**/

/* going to reload them with sane values. */

/* Of course CS has to already be valid. */

/* 当然CS已经是被设置好的了*/

/* We are currently in real-mode so we */

/* 我们现在还在实模式下所以我们呢需要实模式的段值*/

/* need real-mode segment values. */

xorw %ax,%ss

/* Get the return address off the stack */

/*保存要返回的地址*/

popw (code32ret)

/* Save 16-bit stack pointer */

movw %sp,stack16

/* 这里必须懂得保护模式和实模式*/

/* 加载GDT */

lgdt gdtptr

/* 加载 IDT */

lidt i386idtptr

/*修改cr0寄存器,来开启保护模式状态 */

mov %cr0,%eax

orl $CR0_PE_SET,%eax

mov %eax,%cr0

/* Clear prefetch queue & correct CS */

ljmp $PMODE_CS,$inpmode

/* 进入32位程序段*/

.code32

inpmode:

/* Setup segment selectors */

movw $PMODE_DS,%ss

movl stack32,%esp

/* Put the return address back onto the stack */

/*将返回地址压入堆栈*/

pushl (code32ret)

/* Now return in p-mode! */

/* 返回主函数,我们现在是在保护模式下了*/

ret

/*

* Switches the processor back to real mode

* it destroys eax

*/

EXTERN(switch_to_real)

.code32

/* We don't kNow what values are currently */

/* in the segment registers. So we are */

/* going to reload them with sane values. */

/* Of course CS has to already be valid. */

/* We are currently in protected-mode so we */

/* need protected-mode segment values. */

movw $PMODE_DS,%ss

/* Get the return address off the stack */

popl (code16ret)

/* Save 32-bit stack pointer */

movl %esp,stack32

/* jmp to 16-bit segment to set the limit correctly */

ljmp $RMODE_CS,$switch_to_real16

switch_to_real16:

.code16

/* Restore segment registers to correct limit */

movw $RMODE_DS,%ss

/* 关闭保护模式 */

mov %cr0,%eax

andl $CR0_PE_CLR,%cr0

/* Clear prefetch queue & correct CS */

ljmp $0,$inrmode

inrmode:

movw %cs,%ss

/* Clear out the high 16-bits of ESP */

/* This is needed because I have one */

/* machine that hangs when booted to dos if */

/* anything other than 0x0000 is in the high */

/* 16-bits of ESP. Even though real-mode */

/* code should only use SP and not ESP. */

xorl %esp,%esp

movw stack16,%sp

/* Put the return address back onto the stack */

pushw (code16ret)

/* Load IDTR with real mode value */

lidt rmode_idtptr

sti /* These are ok Now */

/* Now return in r-mode! */

ret

/*

* Needed for enabling the a20 address line

*/

.code16

empty_8042:

.word 0x00eb,0x00eb // jmp $+2,jmp $+2

inb $0x64,%al

cmp $0xff,%al // legacy-free machine without keyboard

jz empty_8042_ret // controllers on Intel Macs read back 0xFF

testb $0x02,%al

jnz empty_8042

empty_8042_ret:

ret

/*下面的两个函数根本就没用到过*/

/*

* Enable the A20 address line (to allow access to over 1mb)

*/

EXTERN(_EnableA20)

.code32

pushal

call switch_to_real

.code16

call empty_8042

movb $0xD1,%al // command write

outb %al,$0x64

call empty_8042

mov $0xDF,%al // A20 on

out %al,$0x60

call empty_8042

call switch_to_prot

.code32

popal

ret

/*

* disable the A20 address line

*/

EXTERN(_disableA20)

.code32

pushal

call switch_to_real

.code16

call empty_8042

movb $0xD1,$0x64

call empty_8042

mov $0xDD,%al // A20 off

out %al,$0x60

call empty_8042

call switch_to_prot

.code32

popal

ret

…..略

.code32

/* 16-bit stack pointer */

stack16:

.word STACK16ADDR

/* 32-bit stack pointer */

stack32:

.long STACK32ADDR

/* 16-bit return address */

code16ret:

.long 0

/* 32-bit return address */

code32ret:

.long 0

.p2align 2 /* force 4-byte alignment */

gdt:

/* NULL Descriptor */

.word 0x0000

.word 0x0000

.word 0x0000

.word 0x0000

/* 32-bit flat CS */

.word 0xFFFF

.word 0x0000

.word 0x9A00

.word 0x00CF

/* 32-bit flat DS */

.word 0xFFFF

.word 0x0000

.word 0x9200

.word 0x00CF

/* 16-bit real mode CS */

.word 0xFFFF

.word 0x0000

.word 0x9E00

.word 0x0000

/* 16-bit real mode DS */

.word 0xFFFF

.word 0x0000

.word 0x9200

.word 0x0000

/* GDT table pointer */

gdtptr:

.word 0x27 /* Limit */

.long gdt /* Base Address */

/* Initial GDT table pointer for multiboot */

gdtptrhigh:

.word 0x27 /* Limit */

.long gdt + INITIAL_BASE - FREELDR_BASE /* Base Address */

/* real-mode IDT pointer */

rmode_idtptr:

.word 0x3ff /* Limit */

.long 0 /* Base Address */

mb_info:

.fill MB_INFO_SIZE,1,0

cmdline:

.fill CMDLINE_SIZE,0

EXTERN(_BootDrive)

.long 0

EXTERN(_BootPartition)

.long 0

什么是A20呢?这是一个历史问题,8086是采用SEG:OFFSET的模式分段的,所以他的最大内存是FFFF:FFFF即10FFEFh,但是8086只有20根地址总线,只能寻址到1Mb,如果试图访问超过1MB的地址时会怎样呢?实际上系统并不会发生异常.而是回卷回去,重新从地址0开始寻址,可是到了80286系列时,真的可以访问到1MB以上的内存地址了,如果遇到同样的情况系统不会再回卷寻址,这就造成了向上不兼容,为了保证百分之百兼容,IBM想出一个办法使用键盘来控制第20个地址位,这就是A20地址线,如果不开A20地址线总会是0.为了访问所有内存,我们需要打开A20地址线,默认是关闭的,但是怎么打开A20地址线呢?我们可以通过92h端口来达到目的..

          var watch = new FileSystemWatcher();
            watch.Created += (s,e) =>
            {
                var fileType = Path.GetExtension(e.FullPath);
                if (fileType.ToLower() == "jpg")
                {
                    //do some thing
                }
            };

var list = Enumerable.Range(1,10)
                .Where(x => x > 8)
                .Select(x => x.ToString())
                .First();

    public interface IObservable<out T>
    {
          //Notifies the provider that an observer is to receive notifications.
          Idisposable Subscribe(IObserver<T> observer);
    }

    public interface IObserver<in T>
    {
        //Notifies the observer that the provider has finished sending push-based notifications.
        void OnCompleted();

        //Notifies the observer that the provider has experienced an error condition.
        void OnError(Exception error);
       
        //Provides the observer with new data.
        void OnNext(T value);
    }

Observable.FromEventPattern<FileSystemEventArgs>(watch,"Created")
                .Where(e => Path.GetExtension(e.EventArgs.FullPath).ToLower() == "jpg")
                .Subscribe(e =>
                {
                    //do some thing
                });

Install-Package Rx-main

       private void BindFirstGroupButtons()
        {
            btnFirstEventMode.Click += btnFirstEventMode_Click;
        }

        void btnFirstEventMode_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("hello world");
        }

            //得到了Button的Click事件流。
            var clickedStream = Observable.FromEventPattern<EventArgs>(btnFirstReactiveMode,"Click");
            //在事件流上注册了一个观察者。 
            clickedStream.Subscribe(e => MessageBox.Show("Hello world"));

        public static IObservable<EventPattern<EventArgs>> FromClickEventPattern(this Button button)
         {
             return Observable.FromEventPattern<EventArgs>(button,"Click");
         }

         public static IObservable<EventPattern<EventArgs>> FromDoubleClickEventPattern(this Button button)
         {
             return Observable.FromEventPattern<EventArgs>(button,"DoubleClick");
         }

btnFirstReactiveMode.FromClickEventPattern()
                .Subscribe(e => MessageBox.Show("hello world"));

       void btnSecondEventMode_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
        {
            btnSecondEventMode.BackColor = Color.Coral;
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            lblMessage.Text = "event mode";
        }

          BtnSecondEventAsyncModel.BackColor = Color.Coral;

            Task.Run(() =>
            {
                Thread.Sleep(2000);
                Action showMessage = () => lblMessage.Text = "async event mode";
                lblMessage.Invoke(showMessage);
            });

btnSecondReactiveMode.FromClickEventPattern()
                .Subscribe(e =>
                {
                    Observable.Start(() =>
                    {
                        btnSecondReactiveMode.BackColor = Color.Coral;
                        Thread.Sleep(2000);
                        return "reactive mode";
                    })
                        .SubscribeOn(ThreadPoolScheduler.Instance)
                        .ObserveOn(this)
                        .Subscribe(x =>
                        {
                            lblMessage.Text = x;
                        });
                });

Install-Package Rx-WinForms

Install-Package Rx-WPF

            var increasedEventStream = btnIncreasement.FromClickEventPattern()
                .Select(_ => 1);
            var decreasedEventStream = btnDecrement.FromClickEventPattern()
                .Select(_ => -1);

            increasedEventStream.Merge(decreasedEventStream)
                .Scan(0,(result,s) => result + s)
                .Subscribe(x => lblResult.Text = x.ToString());

       public static void UsingReturn()
        {
            var greeting = Observable.Return("Hello world");
            greeting.Subscribe(Console.WriteLine);
        }

       public static void UsingCreate()
        {
            var greeting = Observable.Create<string>(observer =>
            {
                observer.OnNext("Hello world");
                return disposable.Create(() => Console.WriteLine("Observer has unsubscribed"));
            });

            greeting.Subscribe(Console.WriteLine);
        }

 Observable.Range(1,10)
           .Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine(x.ToString()));

       public static void UsingGenerate()
        {
            var range = Observable.Generate(0,x => x < 10,x => x + 1,x => x);
            range.Subscribe(Console.WriteLine);
        }

Observable.Interval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))
           .Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine(x.ToString()));

 Observable.Range(1,10)
           .Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine(x.ToString()),e => Console.WriteLine("Error" + e.Message),() => Console.WriteLine("Completed"));

Enumerable.Range(1,10).ToObservable()
          .Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine(x.ToString()));

var list= Observable.Range(1,10).ToEnumerable();

        public static void UsingScheduler()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting on threadId:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            var source = Observable.Create<int>(
            o =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Invoked on threadId:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                o.OnNext(1);
                o.OnNext(2);
                o.OnNext(3);
                o.OnCompleted();
                Console.WriteLine("Finished on threadId:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                return disposable.Empty;
            });
            source
            //.SubscribeOn(NewThreadScheduler.Default)
            //.SubscribeOn(ThreadPoolScheduler.Instance)
            .Subscribe(
            o => Console.WriteLine("Received {1} on threadId:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId,o),() => Console.WriteLine("OnCompleted on threadId:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId));
            Console.WriteLine("Subscribed on threadId:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        } 

        public static void DifferenceBetweenSubscribeOnAndobserveOn()
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "Main";

            IScheduler thread1 = new NewThreadScheduler(x => new Thread(x) { Name = "Thread1" });
            IScheduler thread2 = new NewThreadScheduler(x => new Thread(x) { Name = "Thread2" });

            Observable.Create<int>(o =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing on " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
                o.OnNext(1);
                return disposable.Create(() => { });
            })
            //.SubscribeOn(thread1)
            //.ObserveOn(thread2)
            .Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine("Observing '" + x + "' on " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name));
        }

Referrence: http://whats-online.info/guides-and-info/36/Traits-of-Experienced-Programmer-that-every-beginner-should-know/

Not everybody has the capability to be a good programmer. Most lack the desire,others do not have a high level of practical aptitude and others lack the personality required to make a good programmer. To help you understand just what these ‘personality’ traits are,I will break down some of the traits that an experienced programmer has. Being in the field for 8 years Now,believe me I kNow the ups,downs,tricks and ‘’oh no’s’’ in this field. I will take you through 8 crucial traits of a programmer,which can be emulated by the beginners who wanna make it big in this field.

1. Consistency

No programmer wants to be the wonder hit-and-disappear kind of a programmer. A good programmer is reliable. He kNows what it is that he wants,and is willing to keep on programming when need be. Not necessarily a 9-5 person,but one who accomplishes tasks and projects without leaving them hanging.

1. Problem solver

As a programmer,I would liken programming to solving a complicated mathematics equations. They are complicated and most seem hard to crack. It is easy to just let go of them and look for a simpler equation to tackle. A programmer is that person who doesn’t give up on a task simply because it seems complicated. They look for solutions to every task. Giving up is a phrase that is never heard of in the world of programming.

1. Planning skills

To plan is to see ahead. Instead of hopping into a new project,a good programmer will first study as much as he/ she can concerning the anticipated end product. As soon as that analysis is completed,the programmer ought to first strategize the project structure before inputting the first line of code. Planning goes hand in hand with consistency. So a consistent programmer is also a good planner.

1. Excellent communication skills

I do not speak the perfect English,but am I good programmer? The answer is yes. Across the years,I have noticed that most of my peers are not fluent English speaker but they do pass for programmers with excellent communication skills. In programming,good communication skills is the ability to express an idea precisely and efficiently. Good programmers are able to pass their points across well. Programmers who experience a tough time conveying their points across or comprehending what others are telling them,may not be successful in the long run.

1. Passion for Programming

This is the most important trait of all times. Passion is everything. Without the willingness to work,it will soon or later go down the drain. Some employed programmers only do the 9 to 5 job,for the salary part of it. These caliber of programmers do not program for long because they only do it for the cash,not for the work. When off from work,nothing close to what they do ever crosses their minds. You do not have to wake up,and go to bed breathing codes. Programmers who lack the passion are never enthused to acquire the best method of doing things and instead,they only engage in a routine,which is not be the best technique of doing things.

1. Detail Oriented

This is what separates a patient programmer from an impatient one. Programming involves dealing with codes whose simple mistake Could cost you a whole project. A programmer who pays close consideration to detail will be suggestively more industrIoUs than the one who doesn‘t. This trait involves evaluation of self –conscIoUsness,which is very crucial for a serIoUs consistent programmer.

1. Ability to cope with changing trends

Technology is constantly changing and the expertise and capabilities a programmer has currently will probably be out-of-date in the coming years. It is,therefore,key for a programmer to be able and willing to educate him/ herself and follow the up-to-date trends. This way,they find it easy to take part in any ongoing education chances that are presented.

1. A good reader

A good programmer reads extensively. Not all the work is about coding. A substantial percentage of a programmer‘s work day is spent in reading. It Could be codes typed by other people,Web sites with examples,papers,or projects. Programmers who do not read extensively,or worse,do not comprehend what they are reading,are mostly incompetent at best,and hazardous at worst.

All in all,a good programmer

? Recognizes that programming is a resourceful art and is nothing interesting

? Takes boundless pride in his job and gets abundant contentment from it

? Attempts to decrease the difficulty of both the problem at hand and the result

? He/she utilizes his time but is never too occupied to help others hit the books

? He/she appreciates positive criticism and offers productive criticism for other programmers as well.

? Has Failed countless times but is always willing to learn from the failures.

? Makes his/her decisions without necessarily relying on other people. Sometimes someone needs to make decisions from his/ her heart without the influence of others.

? is continually learning and gets an excitement from those embarrassing moments. nothing is too serIoUs. Laugh at yourself at times.

Programming is not for the faint-hearted. Do not try programming at your desperation when everything else Could not work out. If you possess the above traits that a good programmer should have,then brace yourself for a life changing experience. Above all,hard work is everything.

前言:本文是Cg Wiki系列的一篇 该系从两个方面来---Shader背后的图形原理,一些常见的Shader事例,为unity中的Shader做出讲解,我会坚持翻译下去,和大家一起学习.

由于本人刚刚开始翻译所以如果有翻译错的地方,还请大家轻拍

========================================================

Cg Programming/ProgrammableGraphics Pipeline

-------------------------------------------------------------

Cg 编程语言/可编程图形管线

@Override
public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
    return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
            new ReactDrawerLayoutManager(),new ReacthorizontalscrollviewManager(),new ReactimageManager(),new ReactProgressBarViewManager(),new ReactRawTextManager(),new ReactScrollViewManager(),new ReactSwitchManager(),new ReactTextInputManager(),new ReactTextViewManager(),new ReactToolbarManager(),new ReactViewManager(),new ReactViewPagerManager(),new ReactTextInlineImageViewManager(),new ReactVirtualTextViewManager(),new SwipeRefreshLayoutManager(),new ReactWebViewManager());
}

@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
  super.setUp();

  List<ViewManager> viewManagers = Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
      new ReactViewManager(),new ReactProgressBarViewManager());
  mUIManager = new UIManagerModule(
      getContext(),viewManagers,new UIImplementationProvider(),false);
  UiThreadUtil.runOnUiThread(
      new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
          mUIManager.onHostResume();
        }
      });
  waitForIdleSync();

  mInstance = ReactTestHelper.catalystInstanceBuilder(this)
      .addNativeModule(mUIManager)
      .addNativeModule(new AndroidInfoModule())
      .addNativeModule(new DeviceInfoModule(getContext()))
      .addNativeModule(new AppStateModule(getContext()))
      .addNativeModule(new FakeWebSocketModule())
      .addJSModule(ProgressBarTestModule.class)
      .build();

  mRootView = new ReactRootView(getContext());
  displayMetrics metrics = getContext().getResources().getdisplayMetrics();
  mRootView.setLayoutParams(
      new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(metrics.widthPixels,metrics.heightPixels));
  int roottag = mUIManager.addMeasuredRootView(mRootView);
  mInstance.getJSModule(ProgressBarTestModule.class).renderProgressBarapplication(roottag);
  waitForBridgeAndUIIdle();
}

@Override
public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
  return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
    ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTGroupViewManager(),ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTShapeViewManager(),ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTTextViewManager(),new ARTSurfaceViewManager(),new ReactDialogPickerManager(),new ReactDrawerLayoutManager(),new ReactDropdownPickerManager(),new FrescoBasedReactTextInlineImageViewManager(),new ReactWebViewManager(),new RecyclerViewBackedScrollViewManager(),new SwipeRefreshLayoutManager());
}

@Override
public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
  return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
    ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTGroupViewManager(),new SwipeRefreshLayoutManager());
}

@Override
public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
  return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
    ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTGroupViewManager(),new ReactModalHostManager(),new ReactSliderManager(),new SwipeRefreshLayoutManager());
}

@Override
public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
  return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
    ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTGroupViewManager(),new SwipeRefreshLayoutManager());
}

@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
  super.setUp();

  List<ViewManager> viewManagers = Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
      new ReactViewManager(),new UIImplementationProvider());
  UiThreadUtil.runOnUiThread(
      new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
          mUIManager.onHostResume();
        }
      });
  waitForIdleSync();

  mInstance = ReactTestHelper.catalystInstanceBuilder(this)
      .addNativeModule(mUIManager)
      .addNativeModule(new AndroidInfoModule())
      .addNativeModule(new FakeWebSocketModule())
      .addJSModule(ProgressBarTestModule.class)
      .build();

  mRootView = new ReactRootView(getContext());
  displayMetrics metrics = getContext().getResources().getdisplayMetrics();
  mRootView.setLayoutParams(
      new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(metrics.widthPixels,metrics.heightPixels));
  int roottag = mUIManager.addMeasuredRootView(mRootView);
  mInstance.getJSModule(ProgressBarTestModule.class).renderProgressBarapplication(roottag);
  waitForBridgeAndUIIdle();
}

@Override
public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
  List<ViewManager> viewManagers = new ArrayList<>();

  viewManagers.add(ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTGroupViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTShapeViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(ARTRenderableViewManager.createARTTextViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ARTSurfaceViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactDialogPickerManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactDrawerLayoutManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactDropdownPickerManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReacthorizontalscrollviewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactimageManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactModalHostManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactProgressBarViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactRawTextManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactScrollViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactSliderManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactSwitchManager());
  viewManagers.add(new FrescoBasedReactTextInlineImageViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactTextInputManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactTextViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactToolbarManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactViewPagerManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactVirtualTextViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new ReactWebViewManager());
  viewManagers.add(new SwipeRefreshLayoutManager());

  SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(reactContext);
  if (preferences.getBoolean("flat_uiimplementation",false)) {
    viewManagers.addAll(Arrays.asList(
      new RCTViewManager(),new RCTTextManager(),new RCTRawTextManager(),new RCTVirtualTextManager(),new RCTTextInlineImageManager(),new RCtimageViewManager(),new RCTTextInputManager(),new RCTViewPagerManager(),new FlatARTSurfaceViewManager(),new RCTModalHostManager()));
  }

  return viewManagers;
}